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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">There is a
problem/slippery slope with overloads, which I think should be
discussed (and that discussion seems, at least to me, more
important than the discussion on how we spell string literals).</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">Consider the case of
a <em>new</em> API, that perhaps wants to build SQL queries (or
any other kind of injection-sensitive factory):</p>
<pre style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;margin: 1.2em 0px;"><code style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;margin: 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px 0.3em; white-space: pre-wrap; border: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 234); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); border-radius: 3px; display: inline;white-space: pre; overflow: auto; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.5em 0.7em; display: block !important;">Query makeQuery(???)
</code></pre>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">What should be the
natural parameter type for this query? Well, we know that String
is flawed here. Easy to reach for, but also too easy to abuse.
StringTemplate is a much better type because it allows
user-injectable values and constant parts to carried in separate
parts of the string template, so that the library has a chance
at looking at what’s going on.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">Ok, so let’s say we
write the factory as:</p>
<pre style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;margin: 1.2em 0px;"><code style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;margin: 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px 0.3em; white-space: pre-wrap; border: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 234); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); border-radius: 3px; display: inline;white-space: pre; overflow: auto; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.5em 0.7em; display: block !important;">Query makeQuery(StringTemplate)
</code></pre>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">As that is clearly
the safer option. This obviously works well <em>as long as
clients are passing template with arguments</em>.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">No-argument templates
might be a corner case, but, sooner or later somebody might want
to do this:</p>
<pre style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;margin: 1.2em 0px;"><code style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;margin: 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px 0.3em; white-space: pre-wrap; border: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 234); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); border-radius: 3px; display: inline;white-space: pre; overflow: auto; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.5em 0.7em; display: block !important;">makeQuery("SELECT foo FROM bar WHERE foo = 42");
</code></pre>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">Only to discover that
this doesn’t compile. What then? There are a couple of
alternatives I can think of. The first is to add a
String-accepting overload:</p>
<pre style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;margin: 1.2em 0px;"><code style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;margin: 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px 0.3em; white-space: pre-wrap; border: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 234); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); border-radius: 3px; display: inline;white-space: pre; overflow: auto; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.5em 0.7em; display: block !important;">Query makeQuery(StringTemplate)
Query makeQuery(String)
</code></pre>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">The second is to use
some use-site factory call to turn the string into a degenerate
string template:</p>
<pre style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;margin: 1.2em 0px;"><code style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;margin: 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px 0.3em; white-space: pre-wrap; border: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 234); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); border-radius: 3px; display: inline;white-space: pre; overflow: auto; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.5em 0.7em; display: block !important;">makeQuery(StringTemplate.fromString("SELECT foo FROM bar WHERE foo = 42"));
</code></pre>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">IMHO, both approaches
have problems: they force the user to go from the safer
StringTemplate world, to the more unsafe String world. It’s sort
of like crossing the Rubicon: once you’re in String-land, it
then become easier to introduce potentially very costly
mistakes. If we have overloads:</p>
<pre style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;margin: 1.2em 0px;"><code style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;margin: 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px 0.3em; white-space: pre-wrap; border: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 234); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); border-radius: 3px; display: inline;white-space: pre; overflow: auto; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.5em 0.7em; display: block !important;">makeQuery("SELECT " + foo + " FROM " + bar + " WHERE " + condition);
</code></pre>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">This would now
compile just fine. Effectively, safety-wise we’d be back at
square one. The factory case is only marginally better - because
using the factory is more convoluted, so it would perhaps be
easier to spot that something fishy is going on. That said, as
the expression got more complicated, it’s easier for bugs to
sneak in:</p>
<pre style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;margin: 1.2em 0px;"><code style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;margin: 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px 0.3em; white-space: pre-wrap; border: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 234); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); border-radius: 3px; display: inline;white-space: pre; overflow: auto; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.5em 0.7em; display: block !important;">makeQuery(StringTemplate.fromString("SELECT " + foo + "FROM bar WHERE foo = 42"));
</code></pre>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">So, at least in my
opinion, having a string template literal, or some kind of
compiler-controlled promotion from string <em>constants</em> to
string templates, is not just something we need to type less
characters (I honestly couldn’t care less about that, at least
not at this stage). These things are needed to allow developers
to remain in StringTemplate-land.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">That is, the best <em>overall</em>
outcome is for the library <em>not</em> to have an overload, <em>and</em>
for the client to either say this:</p>
<pre style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;margin: 1.2em 0px;"><code style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;margin: 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px 0.3em; white-space: pre-wrap; border: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 234); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); border-radius: 3px; display: inline;white-space: pre; overflow: auto; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.5em 0.7em; display: block !important;">makeQuery("SELECT foo FROM bar WHERE foo = 42"); // works because of implicit promotion of constant String -> StringTemplate
</code></pre>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">or this:</p>
<pre style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;margin: 1.2em 0px;"><code style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;margin: 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px 0.3em; white-space: pre-wrap; border: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 234); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); border-radius: 3px; display: inline;white-space: pre; overflow: auto; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.5em 0.7em; display: block !important;">makeQuery(<insert your favourite "I'M A TEMPLATE" char here>"SELECT foo FROM bar WHERE foo = 42"); // works because it's a string template all along
</code></pre>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">Maurizio</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">On 13/03/2024 22:37,
John Rose wrote:</p>
<blockquote style="margin: 1.2em 0px;border-left: 4px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 0px 1em; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); quotes: none;">
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">On 13 Mar 2024, at
15:22, John Rose wrote:</p>
<blockquote style="margin: 1.2em 0px;border-left: 4px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 0px 1em; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); quotes: none;">
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">… OVERLOADS …</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">I don’t see
(maybe I missed it) a decisive objection to overloading<br>
across ST and String, at least for some processing APIs.<br>
Perhaps it is this: A language processor API that takes STs
and<br>
never Strings is making it clear that all inputs should be
properly<br>
vetted, nothing taken on trust as a bare string.</p>
</blockquote>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">Doing that MIGHT
require a performance model which permits expensive<br>
vetting operations to be memoized on particular OCCURRENCES of
inputs<br>
(not just the input strings viewed in and of themselves).</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">If that’s true,
then I guess that’s support for Guy’s proposal: That<br>
STs (even trivial ones) should never look identical to
strings.<br>
Maybe they should always be preceded by a sigil $, or (per my<br>
suggestion) they should always have at least one occurrence of
{<br>
inside, even if it’s a trivial nop.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">I kind of like
Guy’s offensive-to-everyone suggestion that $ is<br>
required to make a true ST. Then it’s clear how the veteting
APIs<br>
mate up with their vetted inputs. And if $ is not placed in
front,<br>
we surrender to the string-pasters, but at least the resulting<br>
true-string expressions won’t be accepted by the vetting APIs.</p>
</blockquote>
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