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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">On 10/06/2024 17:32,
Archie Cobbs wrote:</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;"></p>
<div class="markdown-here-exclude">
<p></p>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:CANSoFxvtfeNtzdJZeBB_E__QEeff2irZXbFNyQoCSbpaHt3w4Q@mail.gmail.com">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">On Mon, Jun 10, 2024 at 4:24 AM Maurizio
Cimadamore <<a href="mailto:maurizio.cimadamore@oracle.com" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">maurizio.cimadamore@oracle.com</a>>
wrote:</div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div>We basically have classes which have no enclosing
instances, but where enclosing members can be accessed
(via other means). </div>
</blockquote>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Hah, you've already got me in a screeching halt on
the first sentence here, because I'm inferring a
different meaning of "enclosing instance" than what I
knew (and you also throw in "enclosing members", phew :)<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Just so we're on the same page - with respect to the
anonymous Runnable class below, how would you describe
"ClassA.this" and "ClassB.this"?<br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;"></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">The anon Runnable has
two enclosing instances. One of type ClassB, one of type ClassA.
The former cannot be accessed, the latter can.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;"></p>
<div class="markdown-here-exclude">
<p></p>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:CANSoFxvtfeNtzdJZeBB_E__QEeff2irZXbFNyQoCSbpaHt3w4Q@mail.gmail.com">
<div dir="ltr">
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div><br>
</div>
<div style="margin-left:40px"><span style="font-family:monospace">class ClassA {<br>
class ClassB {<br>
ClassB() {<br>
this(new Runnable() {<br>
public void run() {<br>
ClassA.this.hashCode();<br>
}<br>
});<br>
}<br>
ClassB(Runnable r) {<br>
}<br>
}<br>
}</span><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div>Historically, the JLS used to treat this/super
calls as a static context (8.8.7.1).</div>
</blockquote>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>That's what the JLS said, but of course that's not
what the compiler ever implemented (JDK-8301649).</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;"></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">Sure. What about ecj?
What did that compiler implement? (This is more a question for
Stephan).</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">What I’m trying to
say is that “because javac does it” is not always a good reason
for doing something.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">In this particular
case, the contrived nature of the examples involved, and the
complexity of the resulting translation scheme make me question
as to what the right choice should be.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;"></p>
<div class="markdown-here-exclude">
<p></p>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:CANSoFxvtfeNtzdJZeBB_E__QEeff2irZXbFNyQoCSbpaHt3w4Q@mail.gmail.com">
<div dir="ltr">
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div> </div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div>And then JLS also used to say that inner classes
defined in a static context had no enclosing instance
(8.1.3).
<p>So, for this particular JEP, I think there's a
choice in front of us:</p>
<p>* do we keep JLS as is (and fix javac to do what
the spec has always said the behavior was) ?<br>
* or, do we keep javac as is and then tweak the JLS
to model what the implemented behavior is?</p>
<p>The latter path seems to have been chosen. Do we
have a feeling that local classes in
pre-construction context will be radically more
common than they are today? Or are there other
reasons behind this decision?<br>
</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div>Here is my own understanding of the reasoning behind
choosing option #2 (others may differ).</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>First of all, the question of how to treat classes in
early construction contexts is not new - it's just
become a lot more obvious because of the new flexibility
offered in the JEP. <br>
The "early construction context" already exists in
constructor parameters, although of course more
shoe-horning required doing it the old way.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>For example this code compiles fine in JDK 17:<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div style="margin-left:40px"><span style="font-family:monospace">class EarlyLocal {<br>
int x;<br>
class Inner {<br>
Inner(int x) {<br>
this(switch (x) {<br>
default -> {<br>
class Local { {
EarlyLocal.this.hashCode(); } }<br>
yield 0.0;<br>
}<br>
});<br>
}<br>
Inner(double x) {<br>
}<br>
}<br>
}</span></div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="gmail_quote">So that means there is some amount
of code out there (unknown how much) which is, for
example, referencing 2nd outer instances from anonymous
classes that are created inside constructor parameters (a
more likely example of that is the one given earlier in
this email thread (May 30th, "class Outer")).</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;"></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">This means “there
might be” some amont of code. Some initial analysis against
Maven found in fact <em>no uses</em>. But I will need to double
check the results, and also include lambda expressions in the
mix.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">My beef with this
thread is that we keep using the fact that it “works in javac”
as a proof that the feature has to be designed this way.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">Here’s a recently
discovered counter-example:</p>
<pre style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.2em;margin: 1.2em 0px;"><code class="hljs language-java" style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;margin: 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px 0.3em; white-space: pre-wrap; border: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 234); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); border-radius: 3px; display: inline;white-space: pre; overflow: auto; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.5em 0.7em; display: block !important;display: block; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0.5em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background: rgb(248, 248, 248); -moz-text-size-adjust: none;"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: bold;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">Outer</span> </span>{
<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: bold;">interface</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">A</span> </span>{ }
<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: bold;">interface</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">B</span> </span>{ }
<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: bold;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">Inner1</span> </span>{
Inner1() {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: bold;">this</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: bold;">new</span> A() {
<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: bold;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;color: rgb(68, 85, 136); font-weight: bold;">Inner2</span> </span>{
Inner2() {
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: bold;">this</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: bold;">new</span> B() { { m(); g(); } });
}
Inner2(Object o) { }
}
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">m</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>{ }
});
}
Inner1(Object o) { }
}
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: bold;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">g</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>{ }
}
</code></pre>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">This does NOT work
with javac, in fact it never did (I went back as far back as
Java 7, but I have no reason to believe it ever worked). This
example defeats the very assumption javac relies upon when
translating local classes - that there is a chain of enclosing
instances, reachable using some hidden field. In this case
there’s <em>two</em> enclosing instances, and one is not
reachable by the other.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">We can fix this by
making the implementation even more complex. Or we can step
back, and ask ourselves: how many developers, when seeing the
above code, will immediately grasp what that code means? My bet
is that nobody <em>really</em> wants to write code that looks
like this. Surely nobody wants to read it (I don’t!).</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;"></p>
<div class="markdown-here-exclude">
<p></p>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:CANSoFxvtfeNtzdJZeBB_E__QEeff2irZXbFNyQoCSbpaHt3w4Q@mail.gmail.com">
<div dir="ltr">
<div class="gmail_quote"><br>
</div>
<div class="gmail_quote">A second reason is that access to
2nd & further outer instances is something developers
understand and expect, and denying it to them for no
particularly good reason (my opinion) in one place (early
construction) but not anywhere else will strike them as
arbitrarily inconsistent and annoying. Putting this
another way, developers already have an intuitive
understanding that you can't access 'this' prior to
superclass construction, so that exception is already
baked into their lives. If we make early construction
contexts truly static (option #1), then we're creating yet
another exception they will have to learn and work around.
Contrast with option #2 which just extends everything they
already know and expect in a natural way.<br>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;"></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">The example above has
nothing intuitive about it IMHO.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">The problem is that
we’re saying, <em>simultaneously</em> that:</p>
<ul style="margin: 1.2em 0px;padding-left: 2em;">
<li style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">it is an error to use <code style="font-size: 0.85em; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;margin: 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px 0.3em; white-space: pre-wrap; border: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 234); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); border-radius: 3px; display: inline;">this</code>
in a pre-construction context</li>
<li style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">it is ok for a local class in a
pre-construction context to use enclosing instances other than
“problematic ones”</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">This is IMHO what
leads to non-intuitiveness. I claim that the mental model
developers have about encloising instances is that either there
is an innermost enclosing instance, or there’s none. And if
there is one, all outer enclosing instances are reachable,
somehow, via the innermost instance. The model we’re proposing
in #2 is different, and amounts at saying that a class can have
N enclosing instances, all potentially unrelated from each
other.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">So, if A contains B,
and B contains C, we can end up with cases where C can access
the enclosing instance for A, whereas B cannot. This seems to
violate a natural, intuitive, and compositional behavior (e.g.
if both C and B have enclosing instances, then “surely” A must
be the type an enclosing instance with respect to both).</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;"></p>
<div class="markdown-here-exclude">
<p></p>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:CANSoFxvtfeNtzdJZeBB_E__QEeff2irZXbFNyQoCSbpaHt3w4Q@mail.gmail.com">
<div dir="ltr">
<div class="gmail_quote">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div>
<p> </p>
<p>Perhaps the tacit understanding was that "javac got
this right", but looking at the increasing numbers
of bugs filed recently in this area, and after
looking more at how the code works, it seems that
javac doesn't have a very principled way to get
there, and it is in fact rather easy to come up with
examples which defeats javac's translation strategy.</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div>I agree that the increasing number of bugs is
alarming. But I attribute this to poor internal
documentation and years of early construction fixes. If
you look back at Jira historically you'll see a lot of
bugs that relate specifically to early construction
context issues (in constructor parameters, obviously).
The NOOUTERTHIS flag is an example of how these got
fixed with (arguably) a quick hack rather than a more
principled refactoring. IMHO, saying that these are
reasons to downgrade the spec is the tail wagging the
dog.</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;"></p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">I’m not saying we
shouldn’t do it because it’s hard to implement.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">I’m saying that the
model put forward by the spec is (a) not very intuitive (despite
what you seem to claim) and (b) not a very useful
generalization.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">My point here is that
I dare to find a developer that in 2 seconds will be able to
determine whether the code I wrote above should compile or not.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">And if developers
should spend 10 minutes chasing down the spec to understand what
the program is supposed to mean, are we sure we want them to
write code like this in the first place?</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">So, while we can
spend resources in chasing down every single issue in this area,
this feels, I admit, not a great use of our collective time
(which I’m sure is limited).</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;">Maurizio</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;"></p>
<div class="markdown-here-exclude">
<p></p>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:CANSoFxvtfeNtzdJZeBB_E__QEeff2irZXbFNyQoCSbpaHt3w4Q@mail.gmail.com">
<div dir="ltr">
<div class="gmail_quote"><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>-Archie<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<span class="gmail_signature_prefix">-- </span><br>
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature">Archie L. Cobbs<br>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em !important;"></p>
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