RFR: 8284389: Improve stability of GHA Pre-submit testing by caching cygwin installer [v2]

[Christoph Langer]

> Make cygwin usage in GHA more reliable
> 
> With this change we now attempt to retrieve the cygwin installer from cache every time we need it.
> We would also only try to download it once per build job, in the beginning.
> During testing we rely on it being cached which will make potential errors more obvious
> (e.g. in the download step in the beginning of the build).
> 
> I also replaced actions/cache at v2 with v3. Didn't see issues.

Christoph Langer has updated the pull request incrementally with one additional commit since the last revision:

  Implement review suggestions by @shipilev

-------------

Changes:
  - all: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/pull/8113/files
  - new: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/pull/8113/files/26ed72f0..fd5fb3d9

Webrevs:
 - full: https://webrevs.openjdk.java.net/?repo=jdk&pr=8113&range=01
 - incr: https://webrevs.openjdk.java.net/?repo=jdk&pr=8113&range=00-01

  Stats: 25 lines in 1 file changed: 6 ins; 0 del; 19 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/pull/8113.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk pull/8113/head:pull/8113

PR: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/pull/8113