RFR: 8317132: Prepare HotSpot for permissive- [v14]

[Julian Waters]

> Prepare HotSpot for the permissive- Visual C++ flag, this change contains all of the fixes required for HotSpot to compile under the stricter mode activated when the permissive- flag is passed
> 
> - Reworks code in topLevelUnhandledExceptionFilter for os_windows.cpp to avoid goto jumping across uninitialized locals
> - Adds a CAST_FROM_FN_PTR cast to the return value from ::signal to void, as they cannot be implicitly converted
> - symbolengine.cpp's SimpleBufferWithFallback's templates cannot work with a raw char (Actual fix under discussion)
> - Removed a throw() specification from a mismatched definition in allocation.cpp

Julian Waters has updated the pull request incrementally with one additional commit since the last revision:

  os_windows.cpp

-------------

Changes:
  - all: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/15955/files
  - new: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/15955/files/90b33267..d0f6fd9d

Webrevs:
 - full: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=15955&range=13
 - incr: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=15955&range=12-13

  Stats: 10 lines in 1 file changed: 1 ins; 0 del; 9 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/15955.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk.git pull/15955/head:pull/15955

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/15955