RFR: 8327247: C2 uses up to 2GB of RAM to compile complex string concat in extreme cases

[Chen Liang]

On Tue, 9 Apr 2024 12:01:49 GMT, Claes Redestad <redestad at openjdk.org> wrote:

> This patch suggests a workaround to an issue with huge SCF MH expression trees taking excessive JIT compilation resources by reviving (part of) the simple bytecode-generating strategy that was originally available as an all-or-nothing strategy choice. 
> 
> Instead of reintroducing a binary strategy choice I propose a threshold parameter, controlled by `-Djava.lang.invoke.StringConcat.highArityThreshold=<val>`: For expressions below or at this threshold there's no change, for expressions with an arity above it we use the `StringBuilder`-chain bytecode generator. 
> 
> There are a few trade-offs at play here which influence the choice of threshold. The simple high arity strategy will for example not see any reuse of LambdaForms but strictly always generate a class per indy callsite, which means we might end up with a higher total number of classes generated and loaded in applications if we set this value too low. It may also produce worse performance on average. On the other hand there is the observed increase in C2 resource usage as expressions grow unwieldy. On the other other hand high arity expressions are likely rare to begin with, with less opportunities for sharing than the more common low-arity expressions. 
> 
> I turned the submitted test case into a few JMH benchmarks and did some experiments with `-XX:CompileCommand=MemStat,StringConcat::concat,print`:
> 
> Baseline strategy:
> 13 args: 6.3M
> 23 args: 18M
> 123 args: 868M
> 
> `-Djava.lang.invoke.StringConcat.highArityThreshold=0`:
> 13 args: 2.11M
> 23 args: 3.67M
> 123 args: 4.75M
> 
> For 123 args the memory overhead of the baseline strategy is 180x, but for 23 args we're down to a 5x memory overhead, and down to a 3x overhead for 13 args. Since the absolute overhead for 23 is borderline acceptable (+15Mb) I've conservatively chosen a threshold at arity 20. This keeps C2 resource pressure at a reasonable level (< 18M) while avoiding perturbing performance at the vast majority of call sites.
> 
> I was asked to use the new class file API for mainline. There's a version of this patch implemented using ASM in 7c52a9f which might be a reasonable basis for a backport.

src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/StringConcatFactory.java line 1437:

> 1435:                         for (int c = 0; c < args.parameterCount(); c++) {
> 1436:                             if (constants[c] != null) {
> 1437:                                 cb.ldc(constants[c]);

I think for Remi's approach, we change:
1. Insert an extra String array (maybe need a way to mark it stable?) arg representing constants
2. Change this ldc into aload + aaload (or List.get if we use immutable List)
3. Call `bindTo(constantStrings)` on the resulting MH

This approach can significantly reduce the number of classes spinned instead of generating one class per constant array; might need to measure performance to see if this is a good tradeoff

Oh, I just noticed that we need to erase everything to the generic method type. I think Remi's "value class" means there's no overhead for converting primitives into wrappers in this conversion to generic method type.

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PR Review Comment: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/18690#discussion_r1562667143