RFR: 8338768: Introduce runtime lookup to check for static builds

[Magnus Ihse Bursie]

As a preparation for Hermetic Java, we need to have a way to look up during runtime if we are using a statically linked library or not.

This change will be the first step needed towards compiling the object files only once, and then link them into either dynamic or static libraries. (The only exception will be the linktype.c[pp] files, which needs to be compiled twice, once for the dynamic libraries and once for the static libraries.) Getting there will require further work though. 

This is part of the changes that make up the draft PR https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/pull/19478, which I have broken out.

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Commit messages:
 - 8338768: Introduce runtime lookup to check for static builds

Changes: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/20666/files
  Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=20666&range=00
  Issue: https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8338768
  Stats: 203 lines in 11 files changed: 109 ins; 21 del; 73 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/20666.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk.git pull/20666/head:pull/20666

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/20666