[jdk24] RFR: 8345573: Module dependencies not resolved from run-time image when --limit-module is being used

[Severin Gehwolf]

This is a clean backport of JDK-8345573 to the stabilization repo branch of JDK 24 GA.

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Commit messages:
 - Backport 11cd639842b61952755ad83e88446c91237c19f5

Changes: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/22738/files
  Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=22738&range=00
  Issue: https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8345573
  Stats: 290 lines in 5 files changed: 90 ins; 106 del; 94 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/22738.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk.git pull/22738/head:pull/22738

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/22738