RFR: 8331189: Implementation of Scoped Values (Third Preview)

[Alan Bateman]

JEP 481 proposes Scoped Values to continue to preview in JDK 23 with one change. The type of the operation parameter of the callWhere method is changed to a new functional interface to avoid having the API throw Exception. With that change, the getWhere (and the corresponding method on Carrier) are no longer needed. The functional interface is not proposed for j.u.function at this time.

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Commit messages:
 - Merge
 - Merge
 - Set JEP number
 - Sync up from loom repo
 - Merge
 - Initial commit

Changes: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/19136/files
  Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=19136&range=00
  Issue: https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8331189
  Stats: 298 lines in 7 files changed: 31 ins; 203 del; 64 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/19136.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk.git pull/19136/head:pull/19136

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/19136