RFR: 8077587: BigInteger Roots [v19]

[fabioromano1]

> This PR implements nth root computation for `BigInteger`s using Newton method and optimizes `BigInteger.pow(int)` method.
> [Here is a proof of convergence of the recurrence used.](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/19785045/nth_root_newton_proof_integers.pdf)

fabioromano1 has updated the pull request incrementally with one additional commit since the last revision:

  Code simplification

-------------

Changes:
  - all: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/24690/files
  - new: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/24690/files/524f195e..21fbf278

Webrevs:
 - full: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=24690&range=18
 - incr: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=24690&range=17-18

  Stats: 8 lines in 1 file changed: 0 ins; 5 del; 3 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/24690.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk.git pull/24690/head:pull/24690

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/24690