RFR: 8351565: Implement JEP 502: Stable Values (Preview) [v71]

[Per Minborg]

> Implement JEP 502.
> 
> The PR passes tier1-tier3 tests.

Per Minborg has updated the pull request incrementally with three additional commits since the last revision:

 - Fix failing test (exception message)
 - Rework relayed to rethrown
 - Fix copyright related issues

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Changes:
  - all: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/23972/files
  - new: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/23972/files/3f71da0c..1670cfdc

Webrevs:
 - full: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=23972&range=70
 - incr: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=23972&range=69-70

  Stats: 35 lines in 11 files changed: 23 ins; 0 del; 12 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/23972.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk.git pull/23972/head:pull/23972

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/23972