RFR: 8355719: Reduce memory consumption of BigInteger.pow() [v40]

[fabioromano1]

> This PR optimizes `BigInteger.pow(int)` method. The primary enhancement in `pow()` is not concerned most on execution time, but rather in memory optimization, because the PR implementation does the "shift of the exponent" squaring the result rather than the base, so the base is not squared like in the current implementation, and this permits to save about half of the memory.

fabioromano1 has updated the pull request incrementally with one additional commit since the last revision:

  Added tests for memory consumption

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Changes:
  - all: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/24690/files
  - new: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/24690/files/b831d017..51272bc6

Webrevs:
 - full: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=24690&range=39
 - incr: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=24690&range=38-39

  Stats: 157 lines in 1 file changed: 157 ins; 0 del; 0 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/24690.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk.git pull/24690/head:pull/24690

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/24690