RFR: 8355719: Reduce memory consumption of BigInteger.pow() [v46]

[fabioromano1]

> This PR optimizes `BigInteger.pow(int)` method. The primary enhancement in `pow()` is not concerned most on execution time, but rather in memory optimization, because the PR implementation does the "shift of the exponent" squaring the result rather than the base, so the base is not squared like in the current implementation, and this permits to save about half of the memory.

fabioromano1 has updated the pull request incrementally with two additional commits since the last revision:

 - Adjust the type of operand
 - Use a more loose formula to do range check
   
   Use a more loose formula to do range check, in order not to exclude a priori values that may be inside the supported range

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Changes:
  - all: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/24690/files
  - new: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/24690/files/5deb21ae..925806bd

Webrevs:
 - full: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=24690&range=45
 - incr: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=24690&range=44-45

  Stats: 4 lines in 1 file changed: 4 ins; 0 del; 0 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/24690.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk.git pull/24690/head:pull/24690

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/24690