RFR: 8351565: Implement JEP 502: Stable Values (Preview) [v6]

[Per Minborg]

> Implement JEP 502.
> 
> The PR passes tier1-tier3 tests.

Per Minborg has updated the pull request with a new target base due to a merge or a rebase. The pull request now contains 246 commits:

 - Merge branch 'master' into implement-jep502
 - Clean up exception messages and fix comments
 - Rename field
 - Rename method and fix comment
 - Rework reenterant logic
 - Use acquire semantics for reading rather than volatile semantics
 - Add missing null check
 - Simplify handling of sentinel, wrap, and unwrap
 - Fix JavaDoc issues
 - Fix members in StableEnumFunction
 - ... and 236 more: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/compare/4e51a8c9...d6e1573f

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Changes: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/23972/files
  Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=23972&range=05
  Stats: 4040 lines in 30 files changed: 4009 ins; 18 del; 13 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/23972.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk.git pull/23972/head:pull/23972

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/23972