Integrated: 8342382: Implement JEP 522: G1 GC: Improve Throughput by Reducing Synchronization

[Thomas Schatzl]

On Sun, 23 Feb 2025 18:53:33 GMT, Thomas Schatzl <tschatzl at openjdk.org> wrote:

> Hi all,
> 
>   please review this change that implements (currently Draft) JEP: G1: Improve Application Throughput with a More Efficient Write-Barrier.
> 
> The reason for posting this early is that this is a large change, and the JEP process is already taking very long with no end in sight but we would like to have this ready by JDK 25.
> 
> ### Current situation
> 
> With this change, G1 will reduce the post write barrier to much more resemble Parallel GC's as described in the JEP. The reason is that G1 lacks in throughput compared to Parallel/Serial GC due to larger barrier.
> 
> The main reason for the current barrier is how g1 implements concurrent refinement:
> * g1 tracks dirtied cards using sets (dirty card queue set - dcqs) of buffers (dirty card queues - dcq) containing the location of dirtied cards. Refinement threads pick up their contents to re-refine. The barrier needs to enqueue card locations.
> * For correctness dirty card updates requires fine-grained synchronization between mutator and refinement threads,
> * Finally there is generic code to avoid dirtying cards altogether (filters), to avoid executing the synchronization and the enqueuing as much as possible.
> 
> These tasks require the current barrier to look as follows for an assignment `x.a = y` in pseudo code:
> 
> 
> // Filtering
> if (region(@x.a) == region(y)) goto done; // same region check
> if (y == null) goto done;     // null value check
> if (card(@x.a) == young_card) goto done;  // write to young gen check
> StoreLoad;                // synchronize
> if (card(@x.a) == dirty_card) goto done;
> 
> *card(@x.a) = dirty
> 
> // Card tracking
> enqueue(card-address(@x.a)) into thread-local-dcq;
> if (thread-local-dcq is not full) goto done;
> 
> call runtime to move thread-local-dcq into dcqs
> 
> done:
> 
> 
> Overall this post-write barrier alone is in the range of 40-50 total instructions, compared to three or four(!) for parallel and serial gc.
> 
> The large size of the inlined barrier not only has a large code footprint, but also prevents some compiler optimizations like loop unrolling or inlining.
> 
> There are several papers showing that this barrier alone can decrease throughput by 10-20% ([Yang12](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2426642.2259004)), which is corroborated by some benchmarks (see links).
> 
> The main idea for this change is to not use fine-grained synchronization between refinement and mutator threads, but coarse grained based on atomically switching card tables. Mutators only work on the "primary" card table, refinement threads on a se...

This pull request has now been integrated.

Changeset: 8d5c0056
Author:    Thomas Schatzl <tschatzl at openjdk.org>
URL:       https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/commit/8d5c0056420731cbbd83f2d23837bbb5cdc9e4cc
Stats:     7273 lines in 115 files changed: 2616 ins; 3672 del; 985 mod

8342382: Implement JEP 522: G1 GC: Improve Throughput by Reducing Synchronization

Co-authored-by: Amit Kumar <amitkumar at openjdk.org>
Co-authored-by: Martin Doerr <mdoerr at openjdk.org>
Co-authored-by: Carlo Refice <carlo.refice at oracle.com>
Co-authored-by: Fei Yang <fyang at openjdk.org>
Reviewed-by: iwalulya, rcastanedalo, aph, ayang

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PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/23739