XCHG is slow ?
Vitaly Davidovich
vitalyd at gmail.com
Fri Jul 6 08:08:35 PDT 2012
Vladimir mentioned earlier that the xchg ax ax was a 2 byte pad, for what I
assume is to align the call instruction on a 16 byte boundary to facilitate
instruction fetch/decode. I'm sure he can give a more definitive answer.
Sent from my phone
On Jul 6, 2012 9:29 AM, "changren" <changren at taobao.com> wrote:
> As far as I know, lock is automatically applied only if a memory operand
> is present; reg to reg should not.
> Yes, lock doesn't apply to reg reg case.
>
> As mentioned earlier, xchg eax eax translates to same thing as nop - reg
> can be used to change instruction size for alignment purposes.
> I am curious to know why using nop ptr need patching safe padding and what
> is that.
>
> Thanks
> Joseph
>
> ÓÚ 2012-7-6 20:42, Vitaly Davidovich дµÀ:
>
> Hi Joseph,
>
> As far as I know, lock is automatically applied only if a memory operand
> is present; reg to reg should not. As mentioned earlier, xchg eax eax
> translates to same thing as nop - reg can be used to change instruction
> size for alignment purposes.
>
> Cheers,
> Vitaly
>
> Sent from my phone
> On Jul 6, 2012 3:20 AM, "changren" <changren at taobao.com> wrote:
>
>> I noticed this
>>
>> 0x00007fdf91061644: xchg %ax,%ax ;...666690
>>
>> on modern Intel and AMD cpus, it is recommended to use 0F 1F 00H for 3
>> nops padding. 66 66 90H is for older AMD cpus.
>> I saw a related comment regarding the change in assembler_x86.cpp
>>
>> Don't use "0x0F 0x1F 0x00" - need patching safe padding
>>
>> what does this mean? if it is related to ax register, we can choose
>> another register with oldest value, for instance, 0F 1F 01 or choose
>> other instruction, for instance, lea.
>> BTW, @Vitaly lock is automatically applied to xchg.
>>
>> Thanks,
>> Joseph
>>
>>
>> ÓÚ 2012-7-4 9:30, Vladimir Kozlov дµÀ:
>>
>>> I agree with you that it is strange. I looked on code and, as you
>>> said, one with overflow detection executes a lot more instructions and
>>> stack operations. What is time difference? I ran latest 7u6 (linux64)
>>> promoted build and got this numbers:
>>>
>>> $ bin/jruby -X+C bench/bench_fib_recursive.rb
>>> 0.170000 0.070000 0.240000 ( 0.100000)
>>> 0.030000 0.020000 0.050000 ( 0.036000)
>>> 0.040000 0.020000 0.060000 ( 0.036000)
>>> 0.040000 0.030000 0.070000 ( 0.036000)
>>> 0.040000 0.020000 0.060000 ( 0.036000)
>>>
>>> Vladimir
>>>
>>> R¨¦mi Forax wrote:
>>>
>>>> On 07/04/2012 01:44 AM, Vladimir Kozlov wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> R¨¦mi,
>>>>>
>>>>> NOP and xchg %ax,%ax are and always were the same instruction and
>>>>> have the same encoding 0x90. What you see is multibytes nop (2 bytes
>>>>> in your case) to align following call instruction: 0x66 0x90.
>>>>>
>>>>> Vladimir
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> I see and I suppose that a multibytes nop is not slower than a single
>>>> byte nop.
>>>>
>>>> So to explain my problem clearly, I've two codes the first one is
>>>> fibonacci (ClassicFibo)
>>>> with an int, the second one is fibonacci with an int plus the
>>>> overflow detection (FiboSample).
>>>>
>>>> My problem is that the code with the overflow detection is faster the
>>>> code
>>>> without the overflow detection :)
>>>>
>>>> R¨¦mi
>>>>
>>>> # {method} 'fibo' '(I)I' in 'ClassicFibo'
>>>> # parm0: rsi = int
>>>> # [sp+0x30] (sp of caller)
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061620: mov %eax,-0x14000(%rsp) ;...89842400 c0feff
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061627: push %rbp ;...55
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061628: sub $0x20,%rsp ;...4883ec20
>>>> ;*synchronization entry
>>>> ; - ClassicFibo::fibo at -1 (line 4)
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106162c: mov %esi,%ebp ;...8bee
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106162e: cmp $0x2,%esi ;...83fe02
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061631: jl 0x00007fdf91061651 ;...7c1e
>>>> ;*if_icmpge
>>>> ; - ClassicFibo::fibo at 2 (line 4)
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061633: dec %esi ;...ffce
>>>> ;*isub
>>>> ; - ClassicFibo::fibo at 9 (line 7)
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061635: xchg %ax,%ax ;...6690
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061637: callq 0x00007fdf91038060 ;...e8246afd ff
>>>> ; OopMap{off=28}
>>>> ;*invokestatic fibo
>>>> ; - ClassicFibo::fibo at 10 (line 7)
>>>> ; {static_call}
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106163c: mov %eax,(%rsp) ;...890424
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106163f: mov %ebp,%esi ;...8bf5
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061641: add $0xfffffffffffffffe,%esi ;...83c6fe
>>>> ;*isub
>>>> ; - ClassicFibo::fibo at 15 (line 7)
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061644: xchg %ax,%ax ;...666690
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061647: callq 0x00007fdf91038060 ;...e8146afd ff
>>>> ; OopMap{off=44}
>>>> ;*invokestatic fibo
>>>> ; - ClassicFibo::fibo at 16 (line 7)
>>>> ; {static_call}
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106164c: add (%rsp),%eax ;...030424
>>>> ;*iadd
>>>> ; - ClassicFibo::fibo at 19 (line 7)
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106164f: jmp 0x00007fdf91061656 ;...eb05
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061651: mov $0x1,%eax ;...b8010000 00
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061656: add $0x20,%rsp ;...4883c420
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106165a: pop %rbp ;...5d
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106165b: test %eax,0x91c899f(%rip) # 0x00007fdf9a22a000
>>>> ;...85059f89 1c09
>>>> ; {poll_return}
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061661: retq ;...c3
>>>> ;*invokestatic fibo
>>>> ; - ClassicFibo::fibo at 10 (line 7)
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061662: mov %rax,%rsi ;...488bf0
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061665: jmp 0x00007fdf9106166a ;...eb03
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061667: mov %rax,%rsi ;...488bf0
>>>> ;*invokestatic fibo
>>>> ; - ClassicFibo::fibo at 16 (line 7)
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106166a: add $0x20,%rsp ;...4883c420
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106166e: pop %rbp ;...5d
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106166f: jmpq 0x00007fdf91061220 ;...e9acfbff ff
>>>> ; {runtime_call}
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061674: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061675: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061676: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061677: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061678: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061679: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106167a: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106167b: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106167c: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106167d: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106167e: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106167f: hlt ;...f4
>>>> [Stub Code]
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061680: mov $0x0,%rbx ;...48bb0000 000000
>>>> ;...000000
>>>> ; {no_reloc}
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106168a: jmpq 0x00007fdf9106168a ;...e9fbffff ff
>>>> ; {runtime_call}
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106168f: mov $0x0,%rbx ;...48bb0000 000000
>>>> ;...000000
>>>> ; {static_stub}
>>>> 0x00007fdf91061699: jmpq 0x00007fdf91061699 ;...e9fbffff ff
>>>> ; {runtime_call}
>>>> [Exception Handler]
>>>> 0x00007fdf9106169e: jmpq 0x00007fdf9105e4a0 ;...e9fdcdff ff
>>>> ; {runtime_call}
>>>> [Deopt Handler Code]
>>>> 0x00007fdf910616a3: callq 0x00007fdf910616a8 ;...e8000000 00
>>>> 0x00007fdf910616a8: subq $0x5,(%rsp) ;...48832c24 05
>>>> 0x00007fdf910616ad: jmpq 0x00007fdf91038c00 ;...e94e75fd ff
>>>> ; {runtime_call}
>>>> 0x00007fdf910616b2: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007fdf910616b3: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007fdf910616b4: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007fdf910616b5: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007fdf910616b6: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007fdf910616b7: hlt ;...f4
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> # {method} 'fibo' '(I)I' in 'FiboSample'
>>>> # parm0: rsi = int
>>>> # [sp+0x30] (sp of caller)
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd40: mov %eax,-0x14000(%rsp) ;...89842400 c0feff
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd47: push %rbp ;...55
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd48: sub $0x20,%rsp ;...4883ec20
>>>> ;*synchronization entry
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at -1
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd4c: mov %esi,(%rsp) ;...893424
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd4f: cmp $0x2,%esi ;...83fe02
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd52: jl 0x00007faadd05fda1 ;...7c4d
>>>> ;*if_icmpge
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 2
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd54: dec %esi ;...ffce
>>>> ;*isub
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 9
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd56: nop ;...90
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd57: callq 0x00007faadd038060 ;...e80483fd ff
>>>> ; OopMap{off=28}
>>>> ;*invokestatic fibo
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 10
>>>> ; {static_call}
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd5c: mov %eax,0x4(%rsp) ;...89442404
>>>> ;*goto
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 61
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd60: mov (%rsp),%esi ;...8b3424
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd63: add $0xfffffffffffffffe,%esi ;...83c6fe
>>>> ;*isub
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 18
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd66: nop ;...90
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd67: callq 0x00007faadd038060 ;...e8f482fd ff
>>>> ; OopMap{off=44}
>>>> ;*invokestatic fibo
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 19
>>>> ; {static_call}
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd6c: mov %eax,%r9d ;...448bc8
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd6f: mov 0x4(%rsp),%eax ;...8b442404
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd73: add %r9d,%eax ;...4103c1
>>>> ;*goto
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 75
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd76: mov 0x4(%rsp),%r11d ;...448b5c24 04
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd7b: xor %eax,%r11d ;...4433d8
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd7e: mov %r9d,%r8d ;...458bc1
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd81: xor %eax,%r8d ;...4433c0
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd84: and %r8d,%r11d ;...4523d8
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd87: test %r11d,%r11d ;...4585db
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd8a: jge 0x00007faadd05fda6 ;...7d1a
>>>> ;*ifge
>>>> ; - jdart.runtime.RT::addExact at 11 (line 139)
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 37
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd8c: mov $0xa5,%esi ;...bea50000 00
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd91: mov %r9d,(%rsp) ;...44890c24
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd95: xchg %ax,%ax ;...6690
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd97: callq 0x00007faadd039020 ;...e88492fd ff
>>>> ; OopMap{off=92}
>>>> ;*new ; - jdart.runtime.RT::addExact at 14 (line 140)
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 37
>>>> ; {runtime_call}
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fd9c: callq 0x00007faae7394800 ;...e85f4a33 0a
>>>> ;*new ; - jdart.runtime.RT::addExact at 14 (line 140)
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 37
>>>> ; {runtime_call}
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fda1: mov $0x1,%eax ;...b8010000 00
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fda6: add $0x20,%rsp ;...4883c420
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdaa: pop %rbp ;...5d
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdab: test %eax,0xab5524f(%rip) # 0x00007faae7bb5000
>>>> ;...85054f52 b50a
>>>> ; {poll_return}
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdb1: retq ;...c3
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdb2: mov 0x8(%rax),%r11d ;...448b5808
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdb6: cmp $0xefe4b124,%r11d ;...4181fb24 b1e4ef
>>>> ; {oop('jdart/runtime/ControlFlowException')}
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdbd: jne 0x00007faadd05fdf5 ;...7536
>>>> ;*invokestatic fibo
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 19
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdbf: mov 0x20(%rax),%ebp ;...8b6820
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdc2: test %ebp,%ebp ;...85ed
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdc4: jne 0x00007faadd05fe11 ;...754b
>>>> ;*getfield value
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 70
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdc6: mov 0x4(%rsp),%eax ;...8b442404
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdca: xor %r9d,%r9d ;...4533c9
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdcd: jmp 0x00007faadd05fd76 ;...eba7
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdcf: mov 0x8(%rax),%r11d ;...448b5808
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdd3: cmp $0xefe4b124,%r11d ;...4181fb24 b1e4ef
>>>> ; {oop('jdart/runtime/ControlFlowException')}
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdda: jne 0x00007faadd05fdf0 ;...7514
>>>> ;*invokestatic fibo
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 10
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fddc: mov 0x20(%rax),%ebp ;...8b6820
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fddf: test %ebp,%ebp ;...85ed
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fde1: jne 0x00007faadd05fe02 ;...751f
>>>> ;*getfield value
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 57
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fde3: xor %r11d,%r11d ;...4533db
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fde6: mov %r11d,0x4(%rsp) ;...44895c24 04
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdeb: jmpq 0x00007faadd05fd60 ;...e970ffff ff
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdf0: mov %rax,%rsi ;...488bf0
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdf3: jmp 0x00007faadd05fdf8 ;...eb03
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdf5: mov %rax,%rsi ;...488bf0
>>>> ;*invokestatic fibo
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 19
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdf8: add $0x20,%rsp ;...4883c420
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdfc: pop %rbp ;...5d
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fdfd: jmpq 0x00007faadd061660 ;...e95e1800 00
>>>> ; {runtime_call}
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe02: mov $0xffffffec,%esi ;...beecffff ff
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe07: callq 0x00007faadd039020 ;...e81492fd ff
>>>> ; OopMap{rbp=NarrowOop off=204}
>>>> ;*astore_2
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 60
>>>> ; {runtime_call}
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe0c: callq 0x00007faae7394800 ;...e8ef4933 0a
>>>> ;*getfield value
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 57
>>>> ; {runtime_call}
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe11: mov $0xffffffec,%esi ;...beecffff ff
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe16: nop ;...90
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe17: callq 0x00007faadd039020 ;...e80492fd ff
>>>> ; OopMap{rbp=NarrowOop off=220}
>>>> ;*astore
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 73
>>>> ; {runtime_call}
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe1c: callq 0x00007faae7394800 ;...e8df4933 0a
>>>> ;*getfield value
>>>> ; - FiboSample::fibo at 70
>>>> ; {runtime_call}
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe21: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe22: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe23: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe24: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe25: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe26: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe27: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe28: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe29: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe2a: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe2b: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe2c: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe2d: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe2e: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe2f: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe30: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe31: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe32: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe33: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe34: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe35: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe36: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe37: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe38: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe39: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe3a: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe3b: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe3c: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe3d: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe3e: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe3f: hlt ;...f4
>>>> [Stub Code]
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe40: mov $0x0,%rbx ;...48bb0000 000000
>>>> ;...000000
>>>> ; {no_reloc}
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe4a: jmpq 0x00007faadd05fe4a ;...e9fbffff ff
>>>> ; {runtime_call}
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe4f: mov $0x0,%rbx ;...48bb0000 000000
>>>> ;...000000
>>>> ; {static_stub}
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe59: jmpq 0x00007faadd05fe59 ;...e9fbffff ff
>>>> ; {runtime_call}
>>>> [Exception Handler]
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe5e: jmpq 0x00007faadd05e8e0 ;...e97deaff ff
>>>> ; {runtime_call}
>>>> [Deopt Handler Code]
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe63: callq 0x00007faadd05fe68 ;...e8000000 00
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe68: subq $0x5,(%rsp) ;...48832c24 05
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe6d: jmpq 0x00007faadd038c00 ;...e98e8dfd ff
>>>> ; {runtime_call}
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe72: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe73: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe74: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe75: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe76: hlt ;...f4
>>>> 0x00007faadd05fe77: hlt ;...f4
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>> R¨¦mi Forax wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> Hi guys,
>>>>>> I've found something really weird, c2 sometimes generates
>>>>>> the assembler instruction xchg %ax, %ax (see the assembly code
>>>>>> of fibo just before the first recursive call)
>>>>>> which I believe is equivalent to a nop but slower.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> In fact, xchg is really slow in my laptop (Nehalem), slower than
>>>>>> at least 5/6 instructions like move/xor/and.
>>>>>> I think it's because xchg is atomic see [1]
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I think c2 should never generate xchg or at least replace all xchg
>>>>>> %r, %r by nop.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> R¨¦mi
>>>>>>
>>>>>> [1]
>>>>>>
>>>>>> http://www.intel.ru/content/dam/doc/white-paper/intel-microarchitecture-white-paper.pdf
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> public class ClassicFibo {
>>>>>> private static int fibo(int n) {
>>>>>> if (n < 2) {
>>>>>> return 1;
>>>>>> }
>>>>>> return fibo(n - 1) + fibo(n - 2);
>>>>>> }
>>>>>>
>>>>>> public static void main(String[] args) {
>>>>>> System.out.println(fibo(40));
>>>>>> }
>>>>>> }
>>>>>>
>>>>>> # {method} 'fibo' '(I)I' in 'ClassicFibo'
>>>>>> # parm0: rsi = int
>>>>>> # [sp+0x30] (sp of caller)
>>>>>> 0x00007fb409061620: mov %eax,-0x14000(%rsp)
>>>>>> 0x00007fb409061627: push %rbp
>>>>>> 0x00007fb409061628: sub $0x20,%rsp ;*synchronization entry
>>>>>> ; - ClassicFibo::fibo at -1 (line 4)
>>>>>> 0x00007fb40906162c: mov %esi,%ebp
>>>>>> 0x00007fb40906162e: cmp $0x2,%esi
>>>>>> 0x00007fb409061631: jl 0x00007fb409061651 ;*if_icmpge
>>>>>> ; - ClassicFibo::fibo at 2 (line 4)
>>>>>> 0x00007fb409061633: dec %esi ;*isub
>>>>>> ; - ClassicFibo::fibo at 9 (line 7)
>>>>>> 0x00007fb409061635: xchg %ax,%ax
>>>>>> 0x00007fb409061637: callq 0x00007fb409038060 ; OopMap{off=28}
>>>>>> ;*invokestatic fibo
>>>>>> ; - ClassicFibo::fibo at 10 (line 7)
>>>>>> ; {static_call}
>>>>>> ...
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> .
>>>
>>>
>>
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