use-after-free in C2

Justin King jcking at google.com
Thu Feb 16 15:34:08 UTC 2023


Created JDK-8302670 <https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8302670> for
record keeping and facilitating discussion.

On Thu, Feb 16, 2023 at 7:27 AM Justin King <jcking at google.com> wrote:

> Yeah, I think that is it. Anybody have any idea what the intention is
> supposed to be with PhaseIterGVN and it's copying by value of
> Unique_Node_List and Node_Stack? Both of its constructors do this, one
> happens to copy Compile::for_igvn() and ultimately modify it. Is it
> supposed to be taking ownership, are any changes by PhaseIterGVN to either
> supposed to be visible to the caller, or is it meant to be like
> copy-on-write where changes are not visible to the caller?
>
> On Thu, Feb 16, 2023 at 7:18 AM Justin King <jcking at google.com> wrote:
>
>> Okay, continuing to look for the remaining surprises. I think I found it,
>> but I need to verify. It looks like PhaseIterGVN is copying
>> Compile::for_igvn() by value and modifying it either intentionally or
>> unintentionally, triggering Arealloc. This results in Compile::for_igvn()
>> now pointing to free'd memory. I'll see if I can verify.
>>
>> On Wed, Feb 15, 2023 at 9:05 AM Justin King <jcking at google.com> wrote:
>>
>>> I sent https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/pull/12577 and
>>> https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/pull/12578 with their corresponding
>>> created bugs. I'll continue looking for the others once those are in.
>>>
>>> On Tue, Feb 14, 2023 at 4:02 PM Justin King <jcking at google.com> wrote:
>>>
>>>> Looks like there is definitely a lingering use-after-free like bug,
>>>> maybe multiple. One is related to the copying around of Unique_Node_List
>>>> and the copy then modifying the list, causing a Arealloc, with the original
>>>> (which is then used again) seeing the free'd block. I'll see about
>>>> pinpointing the issues at a later date.
>>>>
>>>> On Tue, Feb 14, 2023 at 9:27 AM Vladimir Kozlov <
>>>> vladimir.kozlov at oracle.com> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> Hi Justin,
>>>>>
>>>>> Please file a bug for this issue. We need to keep records.
>>>>>
>>>>> Thanks,
>>>>> Vladimir K
>>>>>
>>>>> On 2/10/23 12:42 PM, Justin King wrote:
>>>>> > Hm. That size is still too big, I don't think the node is 224 bytes.
>>>>> Let me double check again.
>>>>> >
>>>>> > On Fri, Feb 10, 2023 at 12:06 PM Justin King <jcking at google.com
>>>>> <mailto:jcking at google.com>> wrote:
>>>>> >
>>>>> >     Looks to be the temporary node created by clone_map is leaking.
>>>>> I think there is a missing call to undo some of the
>>>>> >     work done by clone_map.
>>>>> >
>>>>> >     ==3591618==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: use-after-poison on address
>>>>> 0x6110000e20b8 at pc 0x7f7d8cac1875 bp
>>>>> >     0x7f7d1028be20 sp 0x7f7d1028be18
>>>>> >     READ of size 4 at 0x6110000e20b8 thread T13
>>>>> >          #0 0x7f7d8cac1874 in
>>>>> Unique_Node_List::remove_useless_nodes(VectorSet&)
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/opto/node.cpp:2967
>>>>> >          #1 0x7f7d8cc90b03 in
>>>>> PhaseRemoveUseless::PhaseRemoveUseless(PhaseGVN*, Unique_Node_List*,
>>>>> Phase::PhaseNumber)
>>>>> >     src/hotspot/share/opto/phaseX.cpp:423
>>>>> >          #2 0x7f7d8b03853b in Compile::Compile(ciEnv*, ciMethod*,
>>>>> int, Options, DirectiveSet*)
>>>>> >     src/hotspot/share/opto/compile.cpp:797
>>>>> >          #3 0x7f7d8ace8ece in C2Compiler::compile_method(ciEnv*,
>>>>> ciMethod*, int, bool, DirectiveSet*)
>>>>> >     src/hotspot/share/opto/c2compiler.cpp:113
>>>>> >          #4 0x7f7d8b0507f8 in
>>>>> CompileBroker::invoke_compiler_on_method(CompileTask*)
>>>>> >     src/hotspot/share/compiler/compileBroker.cpp:2237
>>>>> >          #5 0x7f7d8b053e57 in CompileBroker::compiler_thread_loop()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/compiler/compileBroker.cpp:1916
>>>>> >          #6 0x7f7d8bc1f3a8 in JavaThread::thread_main_inner()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/runtime/javaThread.cpp:710
>>>>> >          #7 0x7f7d8bc1f99f in JavaThread::thread_main_inner()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/runtime/javaThread.cpp:689
>>>>> >          #8 0x7f7d8bc1f99f in JavaThread::run()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/runtime/javaThread.cpp:695
>>>>> >          #9 0x7f7d8d535b35 in Thread::call_run()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/runtime/thread.cpp:224
>>>>> >          #10 0x7f7d8cb7de8f in thread_native_entry
>>>>> src/hotspot/os/linux/os_linux.cpp:737
>>>>> >          #11 0x7f7d8faa7fd3 in start_thread nptl/pthread_create.c:442
>>>>> >          #12 0x7f7d8fb2866b in clone3
>>>>> ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone3.S:81
>>>>> >
>>>>> >     0x6110000e20b8 is located 56 bytes inside of 224-byte region
>>>>> [0x6110000e2080,0x6110000e2160)
>>>>> >     allocated by thread T13 here:
>>>>> >          #0 0x7f7d8fcb89cf in __interceptor_malloc
>>>>> ../../../../src/libsanitizer/asan/asan_malloc_linux.cpp:69
>>>>> >          #1 0x7f7d8cb65b9a in os::malloc(unsigned long, MEMFLAGS,
>>>>> NativeCallStack const&)
>>>>> >     src/hotspot/share/runtime/os.cpp:672
>>>>> >          #2 0x7f7d8a68c47e in Chunk::operator new(unsigned long,
>>>>> AllocFailStrategy::AllocFailEnum, unsigned long)
>>>>> >     src/hotspot/share/memory/arena.cpp:190
>>>>> >          #3 0x7f7d8a68c47e in Arena::grow(unsigned long,
>>>>> AllocFailStrategy::AllocFailEnum)
>>>>> >     src/hotspot/share/memory/arena.cpp:345
>>>>> >          #4 0x7f7d8cac1c44 in Arena::internal_amalloc(unsigned long,
>>>>> AllocFailStrategy::AllocFailEnum)
>>>>> >     src/hotspot/share/memory/arena.hpp:113
>>>>> >          #5 0x7f7d8cac1c44 in Arena::AmallocWords(unsigned long,
>>>>> AllocFailStrategy::AllocFailEnum)
>>>>> >     src/hotspot/share/memory/arena.hpp:140
>>>>> >          #6 0x7f7d8cac1c44 in Node::clone() const
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/opto/node.cpp:495
>>>>> >          #7 0x7f7d8b980c38 in GraphKit::clone_map()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/opto/graphKit.cpp:727
>>>>> >          #8 0x7f7d8c538b44 in
>>>>> LibraryCallKit::inline_unsafe_load_store(BasicType,
>>>>> LibraryCallKit::LoadStoreKind,
>>>>> >     LibraryCallKit::AccessKind)
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/opto/library_call.cpp:2599
>>>>> >          #9 0x7f7d8c5aad3e in LibraryCallKit::try_to_inline(int)
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/opto/library_call.cpp:416
>>>>> >          #10 0x7f7d8c5ae34b in LibraryIntrinsic::generate(JVMState*)
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/opto/library_call.cpp:116
>>>>> >          #11 0x7f7d8b4430e9 in Parse::do_call()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/opto/doCall.cpp:662
>>>>> >          #12 0x7f7d8cc4c1ef in Parse::do_one_bytecode()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/opto/parse2.cpp:2704
>>>>> >          #13 0x7f7d8cc1f3f6 in Parse::do_one_block()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/opto/parse1.cpp:1554
>>>>> >          #14 0x7f7d8cc207ce in Parse::do_all_blocks()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/opto/parse1.cpp:706
>>>>> >          #15 0x7f7d8cc2a214 in Parse::Parse(JVMState*, ciMethod*,
>>>>> float) src/hotspot/share/opto/parse1.cpp:613
>>>>> >          #16 0x7f7d8acec235 in ParseGenerator::generate(JVMState*)
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/opto/callGenerator.cpp:99
>>>>> >          #17 0x7f7d8b03738c in Compile::Compile(ciEnv*, ciMethod*,
>>>>> int, Options, DirectiveSet*)
>>>>> >     src/hotspot/share/opto/compile.cpp:763
>>>>> >          #18 0x7f7d8ace8ece in C2Compiler::compile_method(ciEnv*,
>>>>> ciMethod*, int, bool, DirectiveSet*)
>>>>> >     src/hotspot/share/opto/c2compiler.cpp:113
>>>>> >          #19 0x7f7d8b0507f8 in
>>>>> CompileBroker::invoke_compiler_on_method(CompileTask*)
>>>>> >     src/hotspot/share/compiler/compileBroker.cpp:2237
>>>>> >          #20 0x7f7d8b053e57 in CompileBroker::compiler_thread_loop()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/compiler/compileBroker.cpp:1916
>>>>> >          #21 0x7f7d8bc1f3a8 in JavaThread::thread_main_inner()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/runtime/javaThread.cpp:710
>>>>> >          #22 0x7f7d8bc1f99f in JavaThread::thread_main_inner()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/runtime/javaThread.cpp:689
>>>>> >          #23 0x7f7d8bc1f99f in JavaThread::run()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/runtime/javaThread.cpp:695
>>>>> >          #24 0x7f7d8d535b35 in Thread::call_run()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/runtime/thread.cpp:224
>>>>> >          #25 0x7f7d8cb7de8f in thread_native_entry
>>>>> src/hotspot/os/linux/os_linux.cpp:737
>>>>> >          #26 0x7f7d8faa7fd3 in start_thread nptl/pthread_create.c:442
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> >     On Thu, Feb 9, 2023 at 2:31 PM Justin King <jcking at google.com
>>>>> <mailto:jcking at google.com>> wrote:
>>>>> >
>>>>> >         Hm. It unfortunately does not show where it was poisoned, as
>>>>> the Arena uses large chunks with multiple separate
>>>>> >         allocations per chunk. ASan only keeps track of malloc/free.
>>>>> But if I change the Arena implementation when
>>>>> >         building under ASan to just use a right-sized chunk for each
>>>>> request, it should be able to show us. I'll try
>>>>> >         that and bump this once I get something more definitive.
>>>>> >
>>>>> >         On Thu, Feb 9, 2023 at 1:41 PM <dean.long at oracle.com
>>>>> <mailto:dean.long at oracle.com>> wrote:
>>>>> >
>>>>> >             Can ASan show where the memory was freed?  We've had
>>>>> crashes in the past (like JDK-8270028) that could be
>>>>> >             related to memory corruption or how ResourceArea
>>>>> recycles memory.  The allocation below seems to be using an
>>>>> >             Arena without a ResourceArea, but if some other code
>>>>> used the same arena wrapped in a ResourceArea, then it
>>>>> >             seems like that could lead to potential problems.
>>>>> >
>>>>> >             dl
>>>>> >
>>>>> >             On 2/9/23 8:59 AM, Justin King wrote:
>>>>> >>             Hi,
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >>             I was looking at instrumenting Arena again for ASan.
>>>>> The WIP patch is
>>>>> >>             047d4aa9a091cf5a84b9308454862e39666ca253
>>>>> >>             <
>>>>> https://github.com/jcking/jdk/commit/047d4aa9a091cf5a84b9308454862e39666ca253>.
>>>>> I ran back into the
>>>>> >>             suspicious logic in C2 <
>>>>> https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8298984> where nodes are used
>>>>> after calling
>>>>> >>             Arena::Afree. The first issue is present in
>>>>> Node::destruct, which I fixed by moving the call to
>>>>> >>             Arena::Afree to the bottom of the function (addressed
>>>>> in patch). The second issue came up after in
>>>>> >>             Compile::Compile, the stack trace is below. It looks
>>>>> like there are residual freed nodes being operated
>>>>> >>             on? Maybe we are failing to unregister a temporary node
>>>>> from the node list? Maybe related to clone_map
>>>>> >>             which returns SafePointNode?
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >>             ==3146540==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: use-after-poison on
>>>>> address 0x62d00996b370 at pc 0x7f9f93048335 bp
>>>>> >>             0x7f9ed29fae20 sp 0x7f9ed29fae18
>>>>> >>             READ of size 4 at 0x62d00996b370 thread T13
>>>>> >>                 #0 0x7f9f93048334 in
>>>>> Unique_Node_List::remove_useless_nodes(VectorSet&)
>>>>> >>             src/hotspot/share/opto/node.cpp:2967
>>>>> >>                 #1 0x7f9f932124b3 in
>>>>> PhaseRemoveUseless::PhaseRemoveUseless(PhaseGVN*, Unique_Node_List*,
>>>>> >>             Phase::PhaseNumber)
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/opto/phaseX.cpp:423
>>>>> >>                 #2 0x7f9f91621beb in Compile::Compile(ciEnv*,
>>>>> ciMethod*, int, Options, DirectiveSet*)
>>>>> >>             src/hotspot/share/opto/compile.cpp:797
>>>>> >>                 #3 0x7f9f912e37fe in
>>>>> C2Compiler::compile_method(ciEnv*, ciMethod*, int, bool, DirectiveSet*)
>>>>> >>             src/hotspot/share/opto/c2compiler.cpp:113
>>>>> >>                 #4 0x7f9f91638e07 in
>>>>> CompileBroker::invoke_compiler_on_method(CompileTask*)
>>>>> >>             src/hotspot/share/compiler/compileBroker.cpp:2237
>>>>> >>                 #5 0x7f9f9163bfd7 in
>>>>> CompileBroker::compiler_thread_loop()
>>>>> >>             src/hotspot/share/compiler/compileBroker.cpp:1916
>>>>> >>                 #6 0x7f9f921e3eec in
>>>>> JavaThread::thread_main_inner() src/hotspot/share/runtime/javaThread.cpp:710
>>>>> >>                 #7 0x7f9f921e434f in
>>>>> JavaThread::thread_main_inner() src/hotspot/share/runtime/javaThread.cpp:689
>>>>> >>                 #8 0x7f9f921e434f in JavaThread::run()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/runtime/javaThread.cpp:695
>>>>> >>                 #9 0x7f9f93aa3f55 in Thread::call_run()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/runtime/thread.cpp:224
>>>>> >>                 #10 0x7f9f9310144f in thread_native_entry
>>>>> src/hotspot/os/linux/os_linux.cpp:737
>>>>> >>                 #11 0x7f9f960a7fd3 in start_thread
>>>>> nptl/pthread_create.c:442
>>>>> >>                 #12 0x7f9f9612866b in clone3
>>>>> ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone3.S:81
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >>             0x62d00996b370 is located 20336 bytes inside of
>>>>> 32744-byte region [0x62d009966400,0x62d00996e3e8)
>>>>> >>             allocated by thread T13 here:
>>>>> >>                 #0 0x7f9f962b89cf in __interceptor_malloc
>>>>> ../../../../src/libsanitizer/asan/asan_malloc_linux.cpp:69
>>>>> >>                 #1 0x7f9f930e915a in os::malloc(unsigned long,
>>>>> MEMFLAGS, NativeCallStack const&)
>>>>> >>             src/hotspot/share/runtime/os.cpp:672
>>>>> >>                 #2 0x7f9f90c8a08a in Chunk::operator new(unsigned
>>>>> long, AllocFailStrategy::AllocFailEnum, unsigned
>>>>> >>             long) src/hotspot/share/memory/arena.cpp:190
>>>>> >>                 #3 0x7f9f90c8a08a in Arena::grow(unsigned long,
>>>>> AllocFailStrategy::AllocFailEnum)
>>>>> >>             src/hotspot/share/memory/arena.cpp:325
>>>>> >>                 #4 0x7f9f932109f5 in
>>>>> Arena::internal_amalloc(unsigned long, AllocFailStrategy::AllocFailEnum)
>>>>> >>             src/hotspot/share/memory/arena.hpp:113
>>>>> >>                 #5 0x7f9f932109f5 in Arena::Amalloc(unsigned long,
>>>>> AllocFailStrategy::AllocFailEnum)
>>>>> >>             src/hotspot/share/memory/arena.hpp:133
>>>>> >>                 #6 0x7f9f932109f5 in NodeHash::NodeHash(Arena*,
>>>>> unsigned int) src/hotspot/share/opto/phaseX.cpp:68
>>>>> >>                 #7 0x7f9f932293c7 in
>>>>> PhaseValues::PhaseValues(Arena*, unsigned int)
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/opto/phaseX.cpp:697
>>>>> >>                 #8 0x7f9f9161f678 in PhaseGVN::PhaseGVN(Arena*,
>>>>> unsigned int) src/hotspot/share/opto/phaseX.hpp:415
>>>>> >>                 #9 0x7f9f9161f678 in Compile::Compile(ciEnv*,
>>>>> ciMethod*, int, Options, DirectiveSet*)
>>>>> >>             src/hotspot/share/opto/compile.cpp:714
>>>>> >>                 #10 0x7f9f912e37fe in
>>>>> C2Compiler::compile_method(ciEnv*, ciMethod*, int, bool, DirectiveSet*)
>>>>> >>             src/hotspot/share/opto/c2compiler.cpp:113
>>>>> >>                 #11 0x7f9f91638e07 in
>>>>> CompileBroker::invoke_compiler_on_method(CompileTask*)
>>>>> >>             src/hotspot/share/compiler/compileBroker.cpp:2237
>>>>> >>                 #12 0x7f9f9163bfd7 in
>>>>> CompileBroker::compiler_thread_loop()
>>>>> >>             src/hotspot/share/compiler/compileBroker.cpp:1916
>>>>> >>                 #13 0x7f9f921e3eec in
>>>>> JavaThread::thread_main_inner() src/hotspot/share/runtime/javaThread.cpp:710
>>>>> >>                 #14 0x7f9f921e434f in
>>>>> JavaThread::thread_main_inner() src/hotspot/share/runtime/javaThread.cpp:689
>>>>> >>                 #15 0x7f9f921e434f in JavaThread::run()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/runtime/javaThread.cpp:695
>>>>> >>                 #16 0x7f9f93aa3f55 in Thread::call_run()
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/runtime/thread.cpp:224
>>>>> >>                 #17 0x7f9f9310144f in thread_native_entry
>>>>> src/hotspot/os/linux/os_linux.cpp:737
>>>>> >>                 #18 0x7f9f960a7fd3 in start_thread
>>>>> nptl/pthread_create.c:442
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >>             Thread T13 created by T1 here:
>>>>> >>                 #0 0x7f9f96249726 in __interceptor_pthread_create
>>>>> >>
>>>>>  ../../../../src/libsanitizer/asan/asan_interceptors.cpp:207
>>>>> >>                 #1 0x7f9f93102d88 in os::create_thread(Thread*,
>>>>> os::ThreadType, unsigned long)
>>>>> >>             src/hotspot/os/linux/os_linux.cpp:888
>>>>> >>                 #2 0x7f9f91693d93 in
>>>>> CompilerThread::CompilerThread(CompileQueue*, CompilerCounters*)
>>>>> >>             src/hotspot/share/compiler/compilerThread.cpp:34
>>>>> >>                 #3 0x7f9f91625c7c in
>>>>> CompileBroker::make_thread(CompileBroker::ThreadType, _jobject*,
>>>>> CompileQueue*,
>>>>> >>             AbstractCompiler*, JavaThread*)
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/compiler/compileBroker.cpp:842
>>>>> >>                 #4 0x7f9f91628f71 in
>>>>> CompileBroker::init_compiler_threads()
>>>>> >>             src/hotspot/share/compiler/compileBroker.cpp:943
>>>>> >>                 #5 0x7f9f9162a464 in
>>>>> CompileBroker::compilation_init_phase1(JavaThread*)
>>>>> >>             src/hotspot/share/compiler/compileBroker.cpp:654
>>>>> >>                 #6 0x7f9f93adc3a4 in
>>>>> Threads::create_vm(JavaVMInitArgs*, bool*)
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/runtime/threads.cpp:701
>>>>> >>                 #7 0x7f9f92465b51 in JNI_CreateJavaVM_inner
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/prims/jni.cpp:3588
>>>>> >>                 #8 0x7f9f92465b51 in JNI_CreateJavaVM
>>>>> src/hotspot/share/prims/jni.cpp:3674
>>>>> >>                 #9 0x7f9f968d2e25 in InitializeJVM
>>>>> src/java.base/share/native/libjli/java.c:1459
>>>>> >>                 #10 0x7f9f968d2e25 in JavaMain
>>>>> src/java.base/share/native/libjli/java.c:413
>>>>> >>                 #11 0x7f9f968db708 in ThreadJavaMain
>>>>> src/java.base/unix/native/libjli/java_md.c:650
>>>>> >>                 #12 0x7f9f960a7fd3 in start_thread
>>>>> nptl/pthread_create.c:442
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >>             Thread T1 created by T0 here:
>>>>> >>                 #0 0x7f9f96249726 in __interceptor_pthread_create
>>>>> >>
>>>>>  ../../../../src/libsanitizer/asan/asan_interceptors.cpp:207
>>>>> >>                 #1 0x7f9f968dd3a1 in CallJavaMainInNewThread
>>>>> src/java.base/unix/native/libjli/java_md.c:691
>>>>> >>                 #2 0x7f9f968d822d in ContinueInNewThread
>>>>> src/java.base/share/native/libjli/java.c:2280
>>>>> >>                 #3 0x7f9f968d96ae in JLI_Launch
>>>>> src/java.base/share/native/libjli/java.c:340
>>>>> >>                 #4 0x5594a81c337c in main
>>>>> src/java.base/share/native/launcher/main.c:166
>>>>> >>                 #5 0x7f9f96046189 in __libc_start_call_main
>>>>> ../sysdeps/nptl/libc_start_call_main.h:58
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >>             --
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >>             Google Logo
>>>>> >>             Justin King
>>>>> >>             Software Engineer
>>>>> >>             jcking at google.com <mailto:jcking at google.com>
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >>
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> >         --
>>>>> >
>>>>> >         Google Logo
>>>>> >         Justin King
>>>>> >         Software Engineer
>>>>> >         jcking at google.com <mailto:jcking at google.com>
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> >     --
>>>>> >
>>>>> >     Google Logo
>>>>> >     Justin King
>>>>> >     Software Engineer
>>>>> >     jcking at google.com <mailto:jcking at google.com>
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> > --
>>>>> >
>>>>> > Google Logo
>>>>> > Justin King
>>>>> > Software Engineer
>>>>> > jcking at google.com <mailto:jcking at google.com>
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>> >
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>>
>>>> [image: Google Logo]
>>>> Justin King
>>>> Software Engineer
>>>> jcking at google.com
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>>
>>> [image: Google Logo]
>>> Justin King
>>> Software Engineer
>>> jcking at google.com
>>>
>>>
>>
>> --
>>
>> [image: Google Logo]
>> Justin King
>> Software Engineer
>> jcking at google.com
>>
>>
>
> --
>
> [image: Google Logo]
> Justin King
> Software Engineer
> jcking at google.com
>
>

-- 

[image: Google Logo]
Justin King
Software Engineer
jcking at google.com
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