RFR: 8305636: Expand and clean up predicate classes and move them into separate files

[Christian Hagedorn]

This is the third clean-up PR towards fixing issues with Assertion Predicates ([JDK-8288981](https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8288981)). This patch does not change anything in the way the old Assertion Predicates work.

After collecting and moving the predicate code in the last clean-up PR https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/pull/14017 to the classes `Predicates/ParsePredicates`, I'm now completely moving the code to separate `predicates.cpp/hpp` files. By doing so, I also updated the predicate description and updated some namings. Since this description is also moved to the new files, I've committed the description update separately to better reflect these changes.

Changes include:
- Moved `Predicates/ParsePredicates` classes to new files `predicates.cpp/hpp`.
- Turning the `Predicates` utility class into a real class to represent all predicates:
  - Contains three `PredicateBlock` fields for each Predicate Block (see description of `Predicate Block`).
    - The `PredicateBlock` class offers methods to query the presence of predicates and to access them (e.g. get the Parse Predicate projection).
  - In the process, the `ParsePredicates` could be removed as the Parse Predicates are now covered by the `PredicateBlock` class.
- New `AssertionPredicatesWithHalt` class to skip over Assertion Predicates (will be further cleaned up later with the complete fix in JDK-8288981).
- Updated predicate description and moved to `predicates.hpp`.
- Small clean-ups such as variable renaming or code move.

Not included:
- Refactoring predicate traversal to clone/copy/initialize predicates for loop unswitching, pre/main/post, loop peeling etc. (this is only done in the actual fix in JDK-8288981 which requires some updates anyways - so this refactoring is not done here (yet)).

Testing: Tier1-7, hs-precheckin-comp, hs-comp-stress

Thanks,
Christian

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Commit messages:
 - 8305636: Expand and clean up predicate classes and move them into separate files
 - Update description

Changes: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/14814/files
 Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=14814&range=00
  Issue: https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8305636
  Stats: 1172 lines in 10 files changed: 568 ins; 470 del; 134 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/14814.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk.git pull/14814/head:pull/14814

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/14814