RFR: 8339242: Fix overflow issues in AdlArena [v4]

[Casper Norrbin]

> Hi everyone,
> 
> This PR addresses an issue in `adlArena` where some allocations lack checks for overflow. This could potentially result in successful allocations when called with unrealistic values.
> 
> The fix includes:
> 
> - Adding assertions to check for potential overflow.
> - Reordering some operations to guard against overflow.

Casper Norrbin has updated the pull request incrementally with one additional commit since the last revision:

  review suggestions

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Changes:
  - all: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/20774/files
  - new: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/20774/files/b30f188c..aec249fa

Webrevs:
 - full: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=20774&range=03
 - incr: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=20774&range=02-03

  Stats: 54 lines in 4 files changed: 10 ins; 29 del; 15 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/20774.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk.git pull/20774/head:pull/20774

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/20774