RFR: 8291237: Encapsulate nmethod Deoptimization logic [v8]

[Axel Boldt-Christmas]

> The proposal is to encapsulate the nmethod mark for deoptimization logic in one place and only allow access to the `mark_for_deoptimization` from a closure object:
> ```C++
> class DeoptimizationMarkerClosure : StackObj {
> public:
>   virtual void marker_do(Deoptimization::MarkFn mark_fn) = 0;
> };
> 
> This closure takes a `MarkFn` which it uses to mark which nmethods should be deoptimized. This marking can only be done through the `MarkFn` and a `MarkFn` can only be created in the following code which runs the closure. 
> ```C++
> {
>   NoSafepointVerifier nsv;
>   assert_locked_or_safepoint(Compile_lock);
>   marker_closure.marker_do(MarkFn());
>   anything_deoptimized = deoptimize_all_marked();
> }
> if (anything_deoptimized) {
>   run_deoptimize_closure();
> }
> 
> This ensures that this logic is encapsulated and the `NoSafepointVerifier` and `assert_locked_or_safepoint(Compile_lock)` makes `deoptimize_all_marked` not having to scan the whole code cache sound.
> 
> The exception to this pattern, from `InstanceKlass::unload_class`, is discussed in the JBS issue, and gives reasons why not marking for deoptimization there is ok.
> 
> An effect of this encapsulation is that the deoptimization logic was moved from the `CodeCache` class to the `Deoptimization` class and the class redefinition logic was moved from the `CodeCache` class to the `VM_RedefineClasses` class/operation. 
> 
> Testing: Tier 1-5
> 
> _Update_
> ---
> Switched too using a RAII object to track the context instead of putting code in a closure. But all the encapsulation is still the same. 
> 
> Testing: Tier 1-7
> 
> _Update_
> ---
>> @stefank suggested splitting out unloading klass logic change into a separate issue [JDK-8291718](https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8291718).
>> 
>> Will probably also limit this PR to only encapsulation. (Skipping the linked list optimisation) And create a separate issue for that as well.
>> 
>> But this creates a chain of three dependent issues. [JDK-8291237](https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8291237) depends on [JDK-8291718](https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8291718). And the link list optimisation depend will depend on [JDK-8291237](https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8291237).
>> 
>> Will mark this as a draft for now and create a PR for [JDK-8291718](https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8291718) first.

Axel Boldt-Christmas has updated the pull request with a new target base due to a merge or a rebase. The pull request now contains 28 commits:

 - Add asserts and comments
 - Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into JDK-8291237
 - Add context active assert
 - Cleanup comment
 - Add list optimization
 - Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into JDK-8291237
 - Rename deoptimize_done enum value
 - Add missing code from list revert
 - Initial draft new terminology
 - Make _context_active atomic
 - ... and 18 more: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/compare/054c23f4...11d9dd24

-------------

Changes: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/9655/files
 Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=9655&range=07
  Stats: 753 lines in 27 files changed: 351 ins; 282 del; 120 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/9655.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk pull/9655/head:pull/9655

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/9655