RFR: 8314258: checked_cast doesn't properly check some cases [v3]

[Kim Barrett]

> Please review this addition of the `integer_cast` utility.
> 
> Details in first comment, to avoid email spamming from automatic messages.
> 
> Testing: mach5 tier1-5 with `checked_cast` for integral types changed to call
> the new `integer_cast`.  Addition of `integer_cast` includes gtests.

Kim Barrett has updated the pull request with a new target base due to a merge or a rebase. The incremental webrev excludes the unrelated changes brought in by the merge/rebase. The pull request contains four additional commits since the last revision:

 - Merge branch 'master' into checked-integer-cast-again
 - simplify range checks, assuming compiler will optimize
 - more testing
 - add integer_cast

-------------

Changes:
  - all: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/29582/files
  - new: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/29582/files/ebd20f0c..15e3d79e

Webrevs:
 - full: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=29582&range=02
 - incr: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=29582&range=01-02

  Stats: 32015 lines in 767 files changed: 14684 ins; 4160 del; 13171 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/29582.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk.git pull/29582/head:pull/29582

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/29582