RFR: JDK-8282405: Make thread resource areas signal safe [v4]

[Thomas Stuefe]

> In the context of signal handlers, we may allocate RA memory. That is not ideal but may happen. One example is error reporting - even if we are careful, some code down the stack may use RA. Another example is code running in the context of AsyncGetCallTrace. I'm sure there may be more examples.
> 
> The problem is that the signal may (rarely) leave the current thread's RA in an inconsistent state, especially if it got interrupted in the middle of a chunk turnover. Subsequent allocations from it inside the signal handler then would malfunction.
> 
> A simple solution would be double buffering. Let each thread have a second resource area, to be used only in signal handling. At the entrance of the hotspot signal handler (which everyone goes through, even in chain scenarios like with AsyncGetCallTrace) we would switch over to the secondary resource area, and switch back when leaving the hotspot signal handler.
> 
> Note that I proposed this on hs-runtime-dev [1] but I am actually not sure if the mailing lists work, since I did not see that mail delivered to subscribers. Therefore I went ahead and implemented a simple prototype. 
> 
> The prototype keeps matters simple:
> - we just use two resource areas: the normal one and an alternate one for signal handling. So we don't handle recursive calls to signal handlers, see comment in signals_posix.cpp.
> - we preallocate both resource area at thread creation time. For the pros and cons of pre-allocating them vs creating them on demand, and possible further improvements, pls see [1].
> 
> Tests:
> - SAP nightlies
> - GHAs
> - I tested this manually by corrupting the resource area of a thread, then faulting, and inside the signal handler, I was able to use the secondary resource area as expected.
> - Automated tests are somewhat more difficult, akin to the existing SafeFetchInErrorHandlerTest. I am not sure if its worth the complexity.
> 
> [1] https://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/hotspot-runtime-dev/2022-February/054126.html

Thomas Stuefe has updated the pull request incrementally with one additional commit since the last revision:

  Feedback David; Make Switcher RAII nestable; Guard AGCT too

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Changes:
  - all: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/pull/7624/files
  - new: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/pull/7624/files/369c8b34..b94eefe5

Webrevs:
 - full: https://webrevs.openjdk.java.net/?repo=jdk&pr=7624&range=03
 - incr: https://webrevs.openjdk.java.net/?repo=jdk&pr=7624&range=02-03

  Stats: 91 lines in 5 files changed: 47 ins; 37 del; 7 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/pull/7624.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk pull/7624/head:pull/7624

PR: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/pull/7624