[jdk11u-dev] RFR: 8229499: Node budget assert in fuzzed test

[Martin Doerr]

Almost clean backport of [JDK-8229499](https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8229499)
Only the minor cleanup in loopnode.hpp required manual integration.

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Commit messages:
 - Backport 8275b17b07b1c15bde79b36b76ecbe3072db1e1a

Changes: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk11u-dev/pull/888/files
 Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.java.net/?repo=jdk11u-dev&pr=888&range=00
  Issue: https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8229499
  Stats: 202 lines in 4 files changed: 118 ins; 33 del; 51 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk11u-dev/pull/888.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk11u-dev pull/888/head:pull/888

PR: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk11u-dev/pull/888