[jdk18u] RFR: 8280041: Retry loop issues in java.io.ClassCache [v2]

[Roman Kennke]

> This backports the fix for JDK-8280041, which fixes a number of small issues with the preceding change for JDK-8277072.
> The original change has baked for several weeks in jdk19 and applies cleanly.
> 
> Testing:
>  - [x] tier1
>  - [ ] tier2
>  - [ ] tier3

Roman Kennke has updated the pull request incrementally with one additional commit since the last revision:

  Add missing tests

-------------

Changes:
  - all: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk18u/pull/46/files
  - new: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk18u/pull/46/files/2ff35307..b3783162

Webrevs:
 - full: https://webrevs.openjdk.java.net/?repo=jdk18u&pr=46&range=01
 - incr: https://webrevs.openjdk.java.net/?repo=jdk18u&pr=46&range=00-01

  Stats: 161 lines in 4 files changed: 161 ins; 0 del; 0 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk18u/pull/46.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk18u pull/46/head:pull/46

PR: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk18u/pull/46