[jdk18u] RFR: 8280041: Retry loop issues in java.io.ClassCache [v3]

[Roman Kennke]

> This backports the fix for JDK-8280041, which fixes a number of small issues with the preceding change for JDK-8277072.
> The original change has baked for several weeks in jdk19 and applies cleanly.
> 
> Testing:
>  - [x] tier1
>  - [x] tier2
>  - [ ] tier3

Roman Kennke has updated the pull request with a new target base due to a merge or a rebase. The incremental webrev excludes the unrelated changes brought in by the merge/rebase. The pull request contains four additional commits since the last revision:

 - Merge branch 'master' into backport-8280041
 - Add missing tests
 - Backport cebaad1c94c301304fd146526cac95bfeaac66bf
 - Backport 8eb453baebe377697286f7eb32280ca9f1fd7775

-------------

Changes:
  - all: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk18u/pull/46/files
  - new: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk18u/pull/46/files/b3783162..4fd1d9a4

Webrevs:
 - full: https://webrevs.openjdk.java.net/?repo=jdk18u&pr=46&range=02
 - incr: https://webrevs.openjdk.java.net/?repo=jdk18u&pr=46&range=01-02

  Stats: 282 lines in 16 files changed: 234 ins; 8 del; 40 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk18u/pull/46.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk18u pull/46/head:pull/46

PR: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk18u/pull/46