[jdk17u-dev] RFR: 8296958: [JVMCI] add API for retrieving ConstantValue attributes

[Severin Gehwolf]

Backport not clean due to JDK-8289094 not present in 17u which isn't needed.
Adapted patch to the older API instead. Omitted hunk in `vmStructs_jvmci.cpp`
as that pertains to the virtual threads, not available in 17.

This backport is needed in order to be able to build future GraalVM based on JDK 17.

Testing: jvmci tests (including changed `TestResolvedJavaField` test), passes.

-------------

Commit messages:
 - 8296958: [JVMCI] add API for retrieving ConstantValue attributes

Changes: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk17u-dev/pull/932/files
 Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk17u-dev&pr=932&range=00
  Issue: https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8296958
  Stats: 199 lines in 8 files changed: 193 ins; 5 del; 1 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk17u-dev/pull/932.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk17u-dev pull/932/head:pull/932

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk17u-dev/pull/932