[jdk17u-dev] RFR: 8290126: Add a check in JavadocTester for "javadoc should not crash"

[Goetz Lindenmaier]

I backport this for parity with 17.0.12-oracle.

Omitted patch for test/langtools/jdk/javadoc/testTFMBuilder/TestTFMBuilder.java
which was added by " 8276892: Provide a way to emulate exceptional situations in FileManager when using JavadocTester" in 19.

Will mark clean.

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Commit messages:
 - Backport 0fb9469d93bffd662848b63792406717f7b4ec0d

Changes: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk17u-dev/pull/2369/files
  Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk17u-dev&pr=2369&range=00
  Issue: https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8290126
  Stats: 22 lines in 3 files changed: 13 ins; 4 del; 5 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk17u-dev/pull/2369.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk17u-dev.git pull/2369/head:pull/2369

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk17u-dev/pull/2369