[jdk21u-dev] RFR: 8316132: CDSProtectionDomain::get_shared_protection_domain should check for exception

[Aleksey Shipilev]

Clean backport to propagate CDS exceptions better.

Additional testing:
 - [ ] Linux x86_64 server fastdebug, `tier{1,2,3}`

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Commit messages:
 - Backport 11394828b32941a69d549bae613ab4c3afb713d5

Changes: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk21u-dev/pull/144/files
 Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk21u-dev&pr=144&range=00
  Issue: https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8316132
  Stats: 1 line in 1 file changed: 0 ins; 0 del; 1 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk21u-dev/pull/144.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk21u-dev.git pull/144/head:pull/144

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk21u-dev/pull/144