[jdk21u-dev] RFR: 8319793: C2 compilation fails with "Bad graph detected in build_loop_late" after JDK-8279888

[Martin Doerr]

Backport of [JDK-8319793](https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8319793). Needs manual integration in castnode.hpp, cfgnode.hpp, ifnode.cpp, loopPredicate.cpp and loopUnswitch.cpp because of unrelated context differences. All hunks are integrated. Please review!

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Commit messages:
 - Backport b922f8d45951250b7c39cb179b9bc1a8a6256a9e

Changes: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk21u-dev/pull/715/files
  Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk21u-dev&pr=715&range=00
  Issue: https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8319793
  Stats: 399 lines in 14 files changed: 341 ins; 26 del; 32 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk21u-dev/pull/715.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk21u-dev.git pull/715/head:pull/715

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk21u-dev/pull/715