[jdk23u] RFR: 8339475: Clean up return code handling for pthread calls in library coding

[Matthias Baesken]

Backport 8339475, includes 8341135

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Commit messages:
 - Backport 2a2ecc994e02049d6d84f083b8e92a51368577bf

Changes: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk23u/pull/184/files
  Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk23u&pr=184&range=00
  Issue: https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8339475
  Stats: 24 lines in 4 files changed: 9 ins; 8 del; 7 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk23u/pull/184.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk23u.git pull/184/head:pull/184

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk23u/pull/184