[jdk25u] RFR: 8343546: GHA: Cache required dependencies in master-branch workflow

[Aleksey Shipilev]

Improves GHA reliability and performance.

Additional testing:
 - [ ] GHA

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Commit messages:
 - Backport 1fa772e8143bb2d758ef183280d123d1ff8aada8

Changes: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk25u/pull/70/files
  Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk25u&pr=70&range=00
  Issue: https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8343546
  Stats: 94 lines in 7 files changed: 91 ins; 2 del; 1 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk25u/pull/70.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk25u.git pull/70/head:pull/70

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk25u/pull/70