[jdk17u-dev] RFR: 8349988: Change cgroup version detection logic to not depend on /proc/cgroups

[Severin Gehwolf]

Please review this backport of the cgroup version detection logic which affects JDK 17 as well. Newer systems which are affected, like Ubuntu 2025-XX, get more commonly used. Therefore, I propose to backport it there too. The JDK 21 backport got shipped with the 21.0.10 update in January. The patch is not clean due to `nullptr` vs `NULL` differences and more context changes (e.g. [JDK-8261242](https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8261242) not in JDK 17). Since the patch is not clean anyway, I've included the one-liner of [JDK-8354878](https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8354878) right away.

Testing:
- [x] GHA
- [x] Container tests on cg v1 and cg v2 on Linux x86_64 (RHEL 8 and Fedora 42). Manual testing on an affected cg v2 system that container limits are detected.

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Commit messages:
 - Backport dd842c440e3f50028fc991b29ea096f0e64e967b

Changes: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk17u-dev/pull/4271/files
  Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk17u-dev&pr=4271&range=00
  Issue: https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8349988
  Stats: 387 lines in 6 files changed: 292 ins; 23 del; 72 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk17u-dev/pull/4271.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk17u-dev.git pull/4271/head:pull/4271

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk17u-dev/pull/4271