RFR: 8377597: [Leyden] Improve peak performance when AOT code is used [v2]

[Aleksey Shipilev]

On Thu, 12 Feb 2026 01:43:27 GMT, Vladimir Kozlov <kvn at openjdk.org> wrote:

>> Currently some AOT code could be used for long time after startup. It could case peak performance regression because AOT code is conservative and have several restrictions on optimizations it can do.
>> 
>> Introduce AOT code entry counter to request JIT compilation and replace AOT code after some threshold is reached. Use invocation count of C2 code during training run as threshold for AOT code replacement during production run.
>> 
>> The counts collected during training run are scaled based on hyperbolic saturation curve formula:
>> 
>> 
>>    int scaled_limit = (AOTCodeInvokeBase + limit / (1.0 + limit / (100000.0 * AOTCodeInvokeScale)));
>> 
>> where `AOTCodeInvokeBase` (default 100.) and `AOTCodeInvokeScale` (default 1.) are diagnostic flags.
>> This scaling limits threshold to 100K for higher counts.
>> 
>> Here some results running JavacBanch JMH benchmark on linux-x64 (numactl -C 0-3 -m 0`)
>> 
>> 
>> java -jar javac.jar -f 1 -bm ss -wi 0 -i 100 JavacBench.helloWorld1k
>> 
>> 
>> <img width="781" height="466" alt="Screenshot 2026-02-10 at 1 25 30 PM" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/58d973bf-9881-45d9-acb8-40b18ca02a06" />
>> 
>> 
>> <img width="486" height="178" alt="Screenshot 2026-02-10 at 1 22 24 PM" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/19fff702-2302-4e43-a093-5c6981a069ba" />
>> 
>> ...
>> <img width="479" height="153" alt="Screenshot 2026-02-10 at 1 24 09 PM" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/72e9d81d-bce2-482c-aaea-a32a192a8899" />
>
> Vladimir Kozlov has updated the pull request incrementally with one additional commit since the last revision:
> 
>   Address comments

As expected, on a very CPU constrained environment, e.g. with only 1 core, where application competes with JIT (re-)compilation, new mode significantly regresses AOT mode, and gets close to not having AOT mode at all.

AOT current:
<img width="1800" height="1350" alt="plot-1c-aot-before" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/8f193aa2-6442-4bbe-8b55-8119a1b0e423" />

AOT new:
<img width="1800" height="1350" alt="plot-1c-aot-after" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d637c0e7-771e-4b87-9f79-f131aa299d5c" />

JIT:
<img width="1800" height="1350" alt="plot-1c-jit" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/4c032a19-6c80-4040-8167-61a6ace918d0" />

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PR Comment: https://git.openjdk.org/leyden/pull/110#issuecomment-3892367561