[lilliput-jdk17u:lilliput] RFR: 8308107: [Lilliput/JDK17] Cherry-pick: 8291555: Implement alternative fast-locking scheme

[Roman Kennke]

This brings "8291555: Implement alternative fast-locking scheme" into lilliput/jdk17. Lots of small improvements, most importantly the fixed-size lock-stack, plus tons of testing and reviews that went into the upstream change that went into JDK21.

Testing:
 - [x] tier1 (x86, x86_64, aarch64)
 - [x] tier2 (x86, x86_64, aarch64)

-------------

Commit messages:
 - Some stray changes from the upstream PR
 - x86 parts
 - 8308107: [Lilliput/JDK17] Cherry-pick: 8291555: Implement alternative fast-locking scheme

Changes: https://git.openjdk.org/lilliput-jdk17u/pull/19/files
 Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=lilliput-jdk17u&pr=19&range=00
  Issue: https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8308107
  Stats: 1318 lines in 67 files changed: 537 ins; 370 del; 411 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/lilliput-jdk17u/pull/19.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/lilliput-jdk17u.git pull/19/head:pull/19

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/lilliput-jdk17u/pull/19