RFR: 8321591: (fs) Path.of(URI) performance (win)

[Brian Burkhalter]

Improve the performance of `WindowsPathParser.normalize` by using a `char` array to perform the normalization in place instead of appending to a `StringBuilder`. The `Result` inner class is also converted to a `record`.

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Commit messages:
 - 8321591: (fs) Path.of(URI) performance (win)

Changes: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/24400/files
  Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=24400&range=00
  Issue: https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8321591
  Stats: 146 lines in 2 files changed: 91 ins; 33 del; 22 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/24400.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk.git pull/24400/head:pull/24400

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/24400