RFR: 8343110: Add getChars(int, int, char[], int) to CharSequence and CharBuffer [v5]

[Markus KARG]

> This Pull Request proposes an implementation for [JDK-8343110](https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8343110): Adding the new method `public void getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin)` to the `CharSequence` interface, providing a **bulk-read** facility including a default implementation iterating over `charAt(int)`.
> 
> In addition, this Pull Request proposes to replace the implementation of `Reader.of(CharSequence).read(char[] cbuf, int off, int len)` to invoke `CharSequence.getChars(next, next + n, cbuf, off)` instead of utilizing pattern matching for switch. Also, this PR proposes to implement `CharBuffer.getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin)` as an alias for `CharBuffer.get(srcBegin, dst, dstBegin, srcEnd - srcBegin)`.
> 
> To ensure quality...
> * ...the method signature and JavaDocs are adapted from `AbstractStringBuilder.getChars(...)`.
> * ...this PR relies upon the existing tests for `Reader.of(CharSequence)`, as these provide sufficient coverage of all changes introduced by this PR.

Markus KARG has updated the pull request incrementally with one additional commit since the last revision:

  Applied changes requested by Chen: 'We might need to specify the IOOBE behavior - when an IOOBE is thrown, some characters may be already transferred (this is important for concurrent char sequences)'

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Changes:
  - all: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/21730/files
  - new: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/21730/files/a5d26c5b..d2ccf42c

Webrevs:
 - full: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=21730&range=04
 - incr: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=21730&range=03-04

  Stats: 4 lines in 1 file changed: 3 ins; 0 del; 1 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/21730.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk.git pull/21730/head:pull/21730

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/21730