Foreign memory access hot loop benchmark

Maurizio Cimadamore maurizio.cimadamore at oracle.com
Mon Nov 16 14:57:58 UTC 2020


Thanks for repeating the test, the new numbers are comforting.

As with the manual unrolling, I'm no VM expert, but my sense here is 
that auto-vectorization might depend on a lot of factors.

Perhaps a more robust solution going forward would be to seek some 
interop between foreign memory access API and vector API, to ensure 
stable vectorization properties?

Maurizio

On 16/11/2020 14:51, Antoine Chambille wrote:
> Hi Maurizio,
>
> Thank you guys for following up on this. I've run my benchmark on the
> latest foreign-memaccess code and I confirm that native memory access is
> now as fast with memory handles than with Unsafe, actually maybe a little
> faster, amazing.
>
> https://github.com/chamb/panama-benchmarks/blob/master/memory/src/main/java/com/activeviam/test/AddBenchmark.java
> https://github.com/chamb/panama-benchmarks/blob/master/memory/src/main/java/com/activeviam/test/SumBenchmark.java
>
>
>
> Benchmark                            Mode  Cnt        Score        Error
>   Units
> AddBenchmark.scalarArray            thrpt    5  5632397.533 ▒  20387.177
>   ops/s
> AddBenchmark.scalarArrayHandle      thrpt    5  5465854.187 ▒ 167750.767
>   ops/s
> AddBenchmark.scalarUnsafe           thrpt    5  2001046.581 ▒  51265.643
>   ops/s
> AddBenchmark.scalarMHI              thrpt    5  1917815.255 ▒ 114108.422
>   ops/s
> AddBenchmark.scalarMHI_v2           thrpt    5  2091120.069 ▒ 145935.829
>   ops/s
> AddBenchmark.unrolledArray          thrpt    5  7120220.714 ▒ 371690.292
>   ops/s
> AddBenchmark.unrolledArrayHandle    thrpt    5  1854817.649 ▒  35767.691
>   ops/s
> AddBenchmark.unrolledUnsafe         thrpt    5  2302372.445 ▒  68955.756
>   ops/s
> AddBenchmark.unrolledMHI            thrpt    5  2409623.114 ▒  92141.820
>   ops/s
> AddBenchmark.unrolledMHI_v2         thrpt    5   114244.022 ▒   3615.579
>   ops/s
>
> SumBenchmark.scalarArray            thrpt    5  1123947.733 ▒   6703.687
>   ops/s
> SumBenchmark.scalarArrayHandle      thrpt    5  1109574.091 ▒  48231.635
>   ops/s
> SumBenchmark.scalarUnsafe           thrpt    5  1095430.301 ▒   9566.123
>   ops/s
> SumBenchmark.scalarMHI              thrpt    5  1080218.416 ▒  11484.700
>   ops/s
> SumBenchmark.unrolledArray          thrpt    5  4362714.957 ▒  63984.266
>   ops/s
> SumBenchmark.unrolledArrayHandle    thrpt    5  4333266.161 ▒  26641.173
>   ops/s
> SumBenchmark.unrolledUnsafe         thrpt    5  4362108.621 ▒  45006.384
>   ops/s
> SumBenchmark.unrolledMHI            thrpt    5  4225805.179 ▒  34404.282
>   ops/s
>
>
>
> A lesser issue remains in one case of manually unrolled code
> (AddBenchmark.unrolledMHI_v2) that runs 20 times slower with memory
> handles, looks like an important optimization is not enabled in that case.
>
> The code is doing that:
>
>          for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i+=4) {
>              setDoubleAtIndex(os, i,getDoubleAtIndex(is, i) +
> getDoubleAtIndex(os, i));
>              setDoubleAtIndex(os, i+1,getDoubleAtIndex(is, i+1) +
> getDoubleAtIndex(os, i+1));
>              setDoubleAtIndex(os, i+2,getDoubleAtIndex(is, i+2) +
> getDoubleAtIndex(os, i+2));
>              setDoubleAtIndex(os, i+3,getDoubleAtIndex(is, i+3) +
> getDoubleAtIndex(os, i+3));
>          }
>
>
>
>
> Best,
> -Antoine
>
>
>
>
>
>
> On Fri, Oct 30, 2020 at 2:19 PM Maurizio Cimadamore <
> maurizio.cimadamore at oracle.com> wrote:
>
>> Another update, we just merged the latest jdk/jdk into the various
>> Panama branches; the performance issue which you reported no longer
>> shows up in the benchmark we have recently added:
>>
>> ```
>> Benchmark                           Mode  Cnt  Score   Error Units
>> LoopOverNonConstantFP.BB_loop       avgt   30  0.466 ? 0.009 ms/op
>> LoopOverNonConstantFP.segment_loop  avgt   30  0.461 ? 0.010 ms/op
>> LoopOverNonConstantFP.unsafe_loop   avgt   30  0.444 ? 0.006 ms/op
>> ```
>>
>> (before the merge, numbers for segment/BB used to be 40/60% higher than
>> those for Unsafe).
>>
>> Cheers
>> Maurizio
>>
>> On 28/10/2020 15:21, Maurizio Cimadamore wrote:
>>> Quick update on this - Vlad has fixed the C2 issue upstream (thanks):
>>>
>>> https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/pull/826
>>>
>>> I'll add a benchmark covering floating point values to make sure that
>>> things are working as expected
>>>
>>> Cheers
>>> Maurizio
>>>
>>> On 22/09/2020 14:17, Antoine Chambille wrote:
>>>> Thanks a lot for looking into this Maurizio, I hope this gets some
>>>> attention and we all move away from Unsafe without a second thought ;)
>>>>
>>>> Cheers,
>>>> -Antoine
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On Tue, Sep 22, 2020 at 1:46 PM Maurizio Cimadamore
>>>> <maurizio.cimadamore at oracle.com
>>>> <mailto:maurizio.cimadamore at oracle.com>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>      Did some early experiments with this.
>>>>
>>>>      I have not find anything too wrong. Inlining seems to be
>>>>      happening, and
>>>>      unrolling too.
>>>>
>>>>      I can confirm that manual unrolling doesn't seem to work for memory
>>>>      access var handles, we'll have to see exactly why is that.
>>>>
>>>>      As for the difference in the scalar benchmark, after more digging I
>>>>      found that memory access var handles (as byte buffer var handle),
>>>>      perform double/float access in a weird way - that is, when you do
>>>>      this:
>>>>
>>>>      MHI.set(os, (long) i, (double) MHI.get(is, (long) i) + (double)
>>>>      MHI.get(os, (long) i));
>>>>
>>>>      You really are doing something like:
>>>>
>>>>      U.putLongUnaligned(oa + 8*i,
>>>> Double.doubleToLongBits(Double.longBitsToDouble(U.getLongUnaligned(ia
>>>>      +
>>>>      8*i)) + Double.longBitsToDouble(U.getLongUnaligned(oa + 8*i))));
>>>>
>>>>      In other words, since the VH API wants to use the "unaligned"
>>>>      variants
>>>>      of the put/get (which are only supported for longs) we then need
>>>>      to add
>>>>      manual conversion from long to double and back. So the benchmark is
>>>>      really not an apple to apple comparison, since the VH code is
>>>> doing a
>>>>      lot more than the unsafe counterpart.
>>>>
>>>>      Now, to be fair, I don't know exactly the rationale behind the
>>>>      decision
>>>>      of translating floating point access this way. Note that this is not
>>>>      specific to memory access var handle, this is also present on byte
>>>>      buffer VarHandle; array VarHandles, which you test in your
>>>> benchmark,
>>>>      use a completely different and more direct code path (no unsafe).
>>>>
>>>>      Just for fun, I tweaked your benchmark to work on long carrier,
>>>>      instead
>>>>      of double carriers, and here's what I got for the scalar versions:
>>>>
>>>>      > Benchmark                       Mode  Cnt Score Error Units
>>>>      > AddBenchmark.scalarArray        avgt   30  0.091 ? 0.001  us/op
>>>>      > AddBenchmark.scalarArrayHandle  avgt   30  0.091 ? 0.001  us/op
>>>>      > AddBenchmark.scalarMHI          avgt   30  0.350 ? 0.001  us/op
>>>>      > AddBenchmark.scalarMHI_v2       avgt   30  0.348 ? 0.001  us/op
>>>>      > AddBenchmark.scalarUnsafe       avgt   30  0.337 ? 0.003  us/op
>>>>
>>>>      As you can see now the unsafe vs. memory-access numbers are
>>>>      essentially
>>>>      the same.
>>>>
>>>>      Unrolled benchmarks are still affected though:
>>>>
>>>>      > Benchmark                         Mode Cnt  Score Error  Units
>>>>      > AddBenchmark.unrolledArray        avgt   30  0.105 ? 0.009 us/op
>>>>      > AddBenchmark.unrolledArrayHandle  avgt   30  0.346 ? 0.003 us/op
>>>>      > AddBenchmark.unrolledMHI          avgt   30  3.149 ? 0.032 us/op
>>>>      > AddBenchmark.unrolledMHI_v2       avgt   30  5.664 ? 0.026 us/op
>>>>      > AddBenchmark.unrolledUnsafe       avgt   30  0.323 ? 0.001 us/op
>>>>
>>>>      Although (1) I'm told that manual unrolling is a "do at your own
>>>>      risk"
>>>>      kind of thing, since it can interfere with C2 optimizations and
>>>>      (2) it
>>>>      doesn't seem that, in this case, there is a significant difference
>>>>      between the manually unrolled version and the plain one above (in
>>>> the
>>>>      unsafe case).
>>>>
>>>>      I hope that Vlad/Paul can shed some light as to:
>>>>
>>>>      * Why floating point access is implemented the way it is for all
>>>>      var handles
>>>>      * Why adding the manual long->double and double->conversions
>>>>      (which are
>>>>      all VM intrinsics) degrade performances that much
>>>>
>>>>      Maurizio
>>>>
>>>>      On 22/09/2020 11:02, Maurizio Cimadamore wrote:
>>>>      > Thanks for the benchmarks! We'll take a look and see what's
>>>>      going wrong.
>>>>      >
>>>>      > Cheers
>>>>      > Maurizio
>>>>      >
>>>>      > On 22/09/2020 10:30, Antoine Chambille wrote:
>>>>      >> Hi guys, I'm following the progress of panama projects with eager
>>>>      >> interest,
>>>>      >> from the point of view of an in-memory database developer.
>>>>      >>
>>>>      >> I wrote 'AddBenchmark' that adds two arrays of numbers,
>>>> element per
>>>>      >> element, and 'SumBenchmark' that sums the numbers in an array.
>>>>      >>
>>>>
>> https://github.com/chamb/panama-benchmarks/blob/master/memory/src/main/java/com/activeviam/test/AddBenchmark.java
>>>> <
>> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://github.com/chamb/panama-benchmarks/blob/master/memory/src/main/java/com/activeviam/test/AddBenchmark.java__;!!GqivPVa7Brio!I3RY8mR7DvcQH0RRVhG7dJ9G-p9jydN0EWS66qyJa1kNwLxCyRknX7cwxhhEsI6N6g07Qk8$
>>>>      >>
>>>>      >>
>>>>
>> https://github.com/chamb/panama-benchmarks/blob/master/memory/src/main/java/com/activeviam/test/SumBenchmark.java
>>>> <
>> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://github.com/chamb/panama-benchmarks/blob/master/memory/src/main/java/com/activeviam/test/SumBenchmark.java__;!!GqivPVa7Brio!I3RY8mR7DvcQH0RRVhG7dJ9G-p9jydN0EWS66qyJa1kNwLxCyRknX7cwxhhEsI6NJ4LIRZw$
>>>>      >>
>>>>      >>
>>>>      >> The benchmarks test various memory access techniques, java
>>>> arrays,
>>>>      >> unsafe,
>>>>      >> memory handles, with and without manual loop unrolling.
>>>>      >>
>>>>      >>
>>>>      >> The SUM benchmark looks good, performance with memory handles is
>>>>      >> equivalent
>>>>      >> to java arrays and unsafe, and loop unrolling triggers some x4
>>>>      >> acceleration
>>>>      >> that is largely preserved with memory handles.
>>>>      >>
>>>>      >> In the ADD benchmark results are more diverse, memory handles are
>>>>      >> about 20%
>>>>      >> slower than unsafe, and don't seem to enable automatic
>>>>      vectorization
>>>>      >> like
>>>>      >> arrays. With manual loop unrolling it's worse, it looks like
>>>>      memory
>>>>      >> handles
>>>>      >> don't get optimized at all, looks like a bug maybe.
>>>>      >>
>>>>      >>
>>>>      >>
>>>>      >>
>>>>      >> Benchmark                            Mode  Cnt Score        Error
>>>>      >> Units
>>>>      >> AddBenchmark.scalarArray            thrpt    5 5353483.430 ▒
>>>>      38313.582
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >> AddBenchmark.scalarArrayHandle      thrpt    5 5291533.568 ▒
>>>>      31917.280
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >> AddBenchmark.scalarMHI              thrpt    5 1699106.867 ▒
>>>>      8131.672
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >> AddBenchmark.scalarMHI_v2           thrpt    5 1695513.219 ▒
>>>>      23860.597
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >> AddBenchmark.scalarUnsafe           thrpt    5 1995097.798 ▒
>>>>      24783.804
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >> AddBenchmark.unrolledArray          thrpt    5 6445338.050 ▒
>>>>      56050.147
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >> AddBenchmark.unrolledArrayHandle    thrpt    5 2006794.934 ▒
>>>>      49052.503
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >> AddBenchmark.unrolledUnsafe         thrpt    5 2208072.293 ▒
>>>>      24952.234
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >> AddBenchmark.unrolledMHI            thrpt    5 222453.602 ▒
>>>>      3451.839
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >> AddBenchmark.unrolledMHI_v2         thrpt    5 114637.718 ▒
>>>>      1812.049
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >>
>>>>      >> SumBenchmark.scalarArray            thrpt    5 1099167.889 ▒
>>>>      6392.060
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >> SumBenchmark.scalarArrayHandle      thrpt    5 1061798.178 ▒
>>>>      186062.917
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >> SumBenchmark.scalarArrayLongStride  thrpt    5 1030295.241 ▒
>>>>      71319.976
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >> SumBenchmark.scalarUnsafe           thrpt    5 1067789.139 ▒
>>>>      4455.897
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >> SumBenchmark.scalarMHI              thrpt    5 1034607.008 ▒
>>>>      30830.150
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >> SumBenchmark.unrolledArray          thrpt    5 4263489.912 ▒
>>>>      35092.986
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >> SumBenchmark.unrolledArrayHandle    thrpt    5 4228415.985 ▒
>>>>      44609.791
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >> SumBenchmark.unrolledUnsafe         thrpt    5 4228496.447 ▒
>>>>      22006.197
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >> SumBenchmark.unrolledMHI            thrpt    5 3665896.721 ▒
>>>>      35988.799
>>>>      >> ops/s
>>>>      >>
>>>>      >>
>>>>      >> Thanks for reading, looking forward to your feedback and possible
>>>>      >> improvements!
>>>>      >>
>>>>      >> -Antoine
>>>>
>>>>


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