<div dir="ltr">Thank you for the clarification. I am stuck with my mind because I thought that if the SegmentScope() is global, then even if the MemorySegment Object has been GCed, the underlying memory won't be released, not until the JVM exit. (Is that correct? I think that's the difference between the global scope and the auto scope). Since there's no destructor in Java, there's no way to get notified that the MemorySegment is not available anymore, thus some cleanup could be done. Perhaps this operation should not be suggested, since it make things much more complicated.<br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Maurizio Cimadamore <<a href="mailto:maurizio.cimadamore@oracle.com">maurizio.cimadamore@oracle.com</a>> 于2023年4月17日周一 16:53写道：<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div>
<div>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em">What Jorn says is
correct. There is no way for the FFM API to reason about the
lifetime of pointers returned by native functions. Sometimes
these pointers will need to be freed, manually, by the caller,
other times they will be freed by the library, other times (as
in this case) they will point to some constant data that will
remain valid as long as the library is loaded.</p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em">It is up to the
client to “override” the lifetime of the returned segment as
needed.</p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em">The Java 21 API makes
this a bit clearer, as segments with unknown lifetime are
modelled as segment that have an <em>unbounded</em> scope (e.g.
a scope that is always alive), but that is <em>different</em>
from the scope of the global arena. This is demonstrated below:</p>
<pre style="font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;font-size:1em;line-height:1.2em;margin:1.2em 0px"><code style="font-size:0.85em;font-family:Consolas,Inconsolata,Courier,monospace;margin:0px 0.15em;background-color:rgb(248,248,248);white-space:pre-wrap;overflow:auto;border-radius:3px;border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding:0.5em 0.7em;display:block">jshell> MemorySegment.ofAddress(42).scope().equals(Arena.global().scope())
$2 ==> false
</code></pre>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em">Also, you might find
the new javadoc for the Linker useful, as it contains a section
on native functions returning pointers:</p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em"><a href="https://cr.openjdk.org/~pminborg/panama/21/v2/javadoc/api/java.base/java/lang/foreign/Linker.html#by-ref" target="_blank">https://cr.openjdk.org/~pminborg/panama/21/v2/javadoc/api/java.base/java/lang/foreign/Linker.html#by-ref</a></p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em">Which shows how,
where needed, new temporal bounds can be given to segments
returned by a downcall method handle.</p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em">Hope this helps.</p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em">Maurizio</p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em">On 17/04/2023 08:25,
Jorn Vernee wrote:</p>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em"></p>
<div>
<p></p>
<blockquote type="cite">
<p>I think they are asking not about the library symbols, but
about the pointer returned by OPENSSL_version?<br>
<br>
Whether such pointers should be 'freed' depends on the
native library. Some native libraries might allocate memory
and return a pointer to the user. It is up to the native
library to specify how the memory should be freed in that
case. Usually if the user is expected to free the memory a
special function to do that is provided by the library.<br>
</p>
<p>In this case, OPENSSL_version seems to be returning a
pointer to a constant string (string literal), which doesn't
have to be freed by the user.<br>
</p>
<p>Jorn<br>
</p>
<div>On 16/04/2023 14:32, Glavo wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div dir="ltr">The zero-length MemorySegment associated with
the global scope is a wrapper of the raw pointer.<br>
<div>It indicates that the lifetime is unknown, rather
than indicating that the lifetime is truly infinite.<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>The true lifetime of these symbols is associated with
SymbolLookup. They are also invalid when the scope of
the SymbolLookup is invalid.<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Glavo</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Apr 16, 2023 at
7:52 PM 刘希晨 <<a href="mailto:benrush0705@gmail.com" target="_blank">benrush0705@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">Thank you for the clarification. I didn'
mean the SymbolLookup itself, but the MemorySegment
that MethodHandle returns, the MethodHandle is
created by , I already tested no matter what kind
of SegmentScope SymbolLookup used, the native
MemorySegment that MethodHandle returns would always
be Global scope.<br>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>A example would be like below :</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>```</div>
<div>
<div style="background-color:rgb(30,31,34);color:rgb(188,190,196);font-family:"JetBrains Mono",monospace;font-size:9.8pt;white-space:pre-wrap">SymbolLookup crypto = SymbolLookup.<span style="font-style:italic">libraryLookup</span>(Path.<span style="font-style:italic">of</span>(<span style="color:rgb(106,171,115)">"C:</span><span style="color:rgb(207,142,109)">\\</span><span style="color:rgb(106,171,115)">Program Files</span><span style="color:rgb(207,142,109)">\\</span><span style="color:rgb(106,171,115)">OpenSSL-Win64</span><span style="color:rgb(207,142,109)">\\</span><span style="color:rgb(106,171,115)">libcrypto-3-x64.dll"</span>), SegmentScope.<span style="font-style:italic">auto</span>());
MemorySegment methodPointer = crypto.find(<span style="color:rgb(106,171,115)">"OPENSSL_version"</span>)
.orElseThrow(() -> <span style="color:rgb(207,142,109)">new </span>RuntimeException(<span style="color:rgb(106,171,115)">"Unable to load target native method"</span>));
MethodHandle openSSLVersion = Linker.<span style="font-style:italic">nativeLinker</span>().downcallHandle(methodPointer, FunctionDescriptor.<span style="font-style:italic">of</span>(ValueLayout.<span style="color:rgb(199,125,187);font-style:italic">ADDRESS</span>, ValueLayout.<span style="color:rgb(199,125,187);font-style:italic">JAVA_INT</span>));
MemorySegment version = (MemorySegment) openSSLVersion.invokeExact(<span style="color:rgb(42,172,184)">0</span>);
System.<span style="color:rgb(199,125,187);font-style:italic">out</span>.println(version);</div>
</div>
<div>```</div>
<div>the version Segment is global somehow and I don't
know how to release it</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Glavo <<a href="mailto:zjx001202@gmail.com" target="_blank">zjx001202@gmail.com</a>>
于2023年4月16日周日 19:38写道：<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">SymbolLookup.libraryLookup takes a
SegmentScope as a parameter, which represents the
lifecycle of the returned SymbolLookup.
<div><br>
</div>
<div>It looks like you are using an old
JDK? Panama has critical changes every Java
update, please use the latest JDK.<br>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Glavo</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Apr 16,
2023 at 6:36 PM 刘希晨 <<a href="mailto:benrush0705@gmail.com" target="_blank">benrush0705@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">Hi I have a question about global
segment scope.
<div><br>
</div>
<div>If I use SymbolLookup.libraryLookup to
load a C library and call its function which
returns a pointer , in java it's represented
by a memory segment, the memorysegment's
scope would be global scope. Does this mean
that the memory segment object wouldn't be
released by anything until the VM exits?</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p></p>
</div>
<p style="margin:0px 0px 1.2em"></p>
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</div>
</blockquote></div>