RFR: 8284828: Use `os::ThreadCrashProtection` to protect AsyncGetCallTrace from crashing [v4]

[Markus Grönlund]

On Wed, 13 Apr 2022 15:55:52 GMT, Johannes Bechberger <duke at openjdk.java.net> wrote:

>> Move the AsyncGetCallTrace method implementation into a separate method and wrap its call in non-assert compilation mode in `os::ThreadCrashProtection` like it is done in [JFR](https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/965ea8d9cd29aee41ba2b1b0b0c67bb67eca22dd/src/hotspot/share/jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrThreadSampler.cpp#L165).
>> This prevents AsyncGetCallTrace from crashing on segmentation faults (but not on `guarantee`s).
>> 
>> If a crash is observed, then the `num_frames` field of the trace is set to `ticks_unknown_state` (-7) to signal a state that cannot be properly handled. `ticks_unknown_state` is currently also used for signaling unknown thread states but this should not be a problem, as the semantic is the same. If `num_frames` already has an error code then this error code is not changed. This helps to distinguish between errors in walking threads in Java and non-Java mode, as `num_frames` is set there before the walking to the appropriate error code.
>> 
>> _Thanks for @tstuefe for suggesting this._
>
> Johannes Bechberger has updated the pull request incrementally with one additional commit since the last revision:
> 
>   Remove JFR assert from ThreadCrashProtection
>   
>   Remove the Thread::is_JfrSampler_thread() method too,
>   as it has only be used by the removed asserts

The JFR code has the product vs debug split in order to capture - debug and fix - the issues in stack walking that we protect for in product builds.

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PR: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/pull/8225