RFR: 8257815: Replace global log2 functions with efficient implementations [v12]

[Claes Redestad]

> This patch replaces the log2 functions in globalDefinitions.hpp with more efficient counterparts in utilities/powerOfTwo.hpp
> 
> Naming is hard, but I think the following scheme is reasonable:
> 
> - log2i: any integral type. 0-hostile
> - log2i_allow_zero: any integral type. gracefully handles zero (adds a branch)
> - exact_log2i: any integral type. value must be a power of two
> 
> I chose log2i rather than log2 to stand out from the log2 functions defined in various standard libraries.
> 
> Going through all usage, quite a few uses of log2_long et.c. could be replaced by exact_log2i since they take something that has been checked to be a power of two. Most of the remaining usage seem to be able to use the 0-hostile variant, which avoids a branch.
> 
> To sanity check that calculating log2 using count_leading_zeros gives better performance I added a couple of trivial and short-running microbenchmarks to test_powerOfTwo. For small values (<= 1025) the new impl is ~5x faster, with a larger speed-up for larger integer values:
> 
> [ RUN      ] power_of_2.log2_long_micro
> [       OK ] power_of_2.log2_long_micro (3581 ms)
> [ RUN      ] power_of_2.log2_long_small_micro
> [       OK ] power_of_2.log2_long_small_micro (549 ms)
> [ RUN      ] power_of_2.log2i_micro
> [       OK ] power_of_2.log2i_micro (259 ms)
> [ RUN      ] power_of_2.log2i_small_micro
> [       OK ] power_of_2.log2i_small_micro (113 ms)
> 
> I'm not sure if this naive microbenchmark carries its own weight, but it just adds a few seconds and can be useful for quickly checking this performance assumption on other H/W
> 
> (Intending this for 17)

Claes Redestad has updated the pull request with a new target base due to a merge or a rebase. The incremental webrev excludes the unrelated changes brought in by the merge/rebase. The pull request contains 30 additional commits since the last revision:

 - PPC updates courtesy of @TheRealMDoerr
 - Merge branch 'master' into log2_template
 - Merge branch 'master' into log2_template
 - Remove use of make_unsigned, use UINT64_FORMAT_X to make sign extension stand out
 - With JDK-8257985 fixed, use count_trailing_zeros to implement log2i_exact
 - Merge branch 'master' into log2_template
 - Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/openjdk/jdk into log2_template
 - More review comments adressed
 - Issue with using count_trailing_zeros with 64-bit values on 32-bit, revert and add TODO
 - Merge branch 'master' into log2_template
 - ... and 20 more: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/compare/639d328c...14a903a1

-------------

Changes:
  - all: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/pull/1663/files
  - new: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/pull/1663/files/e21e1b7a..14a903a1

Webrevs:
 - full: https://webrevs.openjdk.java.net/?repo=jdk&pr=1663&range=11
 - incr: https://webrevs.openjdk.java.net/?repo=jdk&pr=1663&range=10-11

  Stats: 23505 lines in 980 files changed: 13975 ins; 6182 del; 3348 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/pull/1663.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk pull/1663/head:pull/1663

PR: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/pull/1663