RFR: 8346151: Add transformer error logging to VerifyLocalVariableTableOnRetransformTest

[Alex Menkov]

In some circumstances ClassFileTransformer.transform can get ClassCircularityError or LinkageError concatenating strings (see JDK-8264667, JDK-8262002).
VerifyLocalVariableTableOnRetransformTest fails sometimes on Oracle CI.
The fix adds handling of the errors to get information for analysis.

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Commit messages:
 - test update

Changes: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/22727/files
  Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=22727&range=00
  Issue: https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8346151
  Stats: 20 lines in 1 file changed: 15 ins; 0 del; 5 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/22727.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk.git pull/22727/head:pull/22727

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/22727