RFR: 8351565: Implement JEP 502: Stable Values (Preview) [v52]

[Per Minborg]

> Implement JEP 502.
> 
> The PR passes tier1-tier3 tests.

Per Minborg has updated the pull request with a new target base due to a merge or a rebase. The pull request now contains 307 commits:

 - Fix typo
 - Merge branch 'master' into implement-jep502
 - Fix typo in return type
 - Change double to int
 - Fix typo
 - Update examples
 - Remove parantheses
 - Only use partial functions
 - Fix typo
 - Add note an partial and total functions
 - ... and 297 more: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/compare/250eb743...9c7b48b7

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Changes: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/23972/files
  Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.org/?repo=jdk&pr=23972&range=51
  Stats: 4596 lines in 30 files changed: 4574 ins; 0 del; 22 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/23972.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.org/jdk.git pull/23972/head:pull/23972

PR: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/pull/23972