RFR: 8148937: (str) Adapt StringJoiner for Compact Strings

Сергей Цыпанов github.com+10835776+stsypanov at openjdk.java.net
Thu Feb 18 14:35:48 UTC 2021


Hello,

as of now `java.util.StringJoiner` still uses `char[]` as a storage for joined Strings.

This applies for the cases when all joined Strings as well as delimiter, prefix and suffix contain only ASCII symbols.

As a result when `StringJoiner.toString()` is called `byte[]` stored in Strings is inflated in order to fill in `char[]` and after that `char[]` is compressed when constructor of String is called:
String delimiter = this.delimiter;
char[] chars = new char[this.len + addLen];
int k = getChars(this.prefix, chars, 0);
if (size > 0) {
    k += getChars(elts[0], chars, k);        // inflate byte[]

    for(int i = 1; i < size; ++i) {
        k += getChars(delimiter, chars, k);
        k += getChars(elts[i], chars, k);
    }
}

k += getChars(this.suffix, chars, k);
return new String(chars);                    // compress char[] -> byte[]
This can be improved by utilizing new method `String.getBytes(byte[], int, int, byte, int)` [introduced](https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/pull/402) in [JDK-8224986](https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8254082)
covering both cases when resulting String is Latin1 or UTF-16

I've prepared a patch along with benchmark proving that this change is correct and brings improvement.

@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
@Fork(jvmArgsAppend = {"-Xms2g", "-Xmx2g"})
public class StringJoinerBenchmark {

  @Benchmark
  public String stringJoiner(Data data) {
    String[] stringArray = data.stringArray;
    return Joiner.joinWithStringJoiner(stringArray);
  }

  @State(Scope.Thread)
  public static class Data {

    @Param({"latin", "cyrillic", "mixed"})
    private String mode;

    @Param({"8", "32", "64"})
    private int length;

    @Param({"5", "10", "100"})
    private int count;

    private String[] stringArray;

    @Setup
    public void setup() {
      RandomStringGenerator generator = new RandomStringGenerator();

      stringArray = new String[count];

      for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        String alphabet = getAlphabet(i, mode);
        stringArray[i] = generator.randomString(alphabet, length);
      }
    }

    private static String getAlphabet(int index, String mode) {
      var latin = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; //English
      var cyrillic = "абвгдеёжзиклмнопрстуфхцчшщьыъэюя"; // Russian

      String alphabet;
      switch (mode) {
        case "mixed" -> alphabet = index % 2 == 0 ? cyrillic : latin;
        case "latin" -> alphabet = latin;
        case "cyrillic" -> alphabet = cyrillic;
        default -> throw new RuntimeException("Illegal mode " + mode);
      }
      return alphabet;
    }
  }
}


                                    (count)  (length)    (mode)                Java 14                 patched     Units
stringJoiner                              5         8     latin       78.836 ±   0.208        67.546 ±   0.500     ns/op
stringJoiner                              5        32     latin       92.877 ±   0.422        66.760 ±   0.498     ns/op
stringJoiner                              5        64     latin      115.423 ±   0.883        73.224 ±   0.289     ns/op
stringJoiner                             10         8     latin      152.587 ±   0.429       161.427 ±   0.635     ns/op
stringJoiner                             10        32     latin      189.998 ±   0.478       164.099 ±   0.963     ns/op
stringJoiner                             10        64     latin      238.679 ±   1.419       176.825 ±   0.533     ns/op
stringJoiner                            100         8     latin     1215.612 ±  17.413      1541.802 ± 126.166     ns/op
stringJoiner                            100        32     latin     1699.998 ±  28.407      1563.341 ±   4.439     ns/op
stringJoiner                            100        64     latin     2289.388 ±  45.319      2215.931 ± 137.583     ns/op
stringJoiner                              5         8  cyrillic       96.692 ±   0.947        80.946 ±   0.371     ns/op
stringJoiner                              5        32  cyrillic      107.806 ±   0.429        84.717 ±   0.541     ns/op
stringJoiner                              5        64  cyrillic      150.762 ±   2.267        96.214 ±   1.251     ns/op
stringJoiner                             10         8  cyrillic      190.570 ±   0.381       182.754 ±   0.678     ns/op
stringJoiner                             10        32  cyrillic      240.239 ±   1.110       187.991 ±   1.575     ns/op
stringJoiner                             10        64  cyrillic      382.493 ±   2.692       219.358 ±   0.967     ns/op
stringJoiner                            100         8  cyrillic     1737.435 ±  16.171      1658.379 ±  56.225     ns/op
stringJoiner                            100        32  cyrillic     2321.106 ±  13.583      1942.028 ±   3.418     ns/op
stringJoiner                            100        64  cyrillic     3189.563 ±  10.135      2484.796 ±   7.572     ns/op
stringJoiner                              5         8     mixed       88.743 ±   0.709        76.049 ±   0.685     ns/op
stringJoiner                              5        32     mixed      103.425 ±   0.745        81.006 ±   0.184     ns/op
stringJoiner                              5        64     mixed      146.441 ±   0.763        93.071 ±   0.858     ns/op
stringJoiner                             10         8     mixed      169.262 ±   0.482       158.890 ±   0.598     ns/op
stringJoiner                             10        32     mixed      218.566 ±   0.945       170.415 ±   1.172     ns/op
stringJoiner                             10        64     mixed      361.412 ±   1.546       200.374 ±   0.683     ns/op
stringJoiner                            100         8     mixed     1594.544 ±   5.761      1476.689 ±   2.004     ns/op
stringJoiner                            100        32     mixed     2221.333 ±  28.320      1879.071 ±  52.729     ns/op
stringJoiner                            100        64     mixed     3115.786 ±  22.485      2400.644 ±   4.401     ns/op

stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm          5         8     latin      248.023 ±   0.001       136.015 ±   0.001      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm          5        32     latin      608.045 ±   0.001       256.022 ±   0.001      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm          5        64     latin     1088.067 ±   0.002       416.030 ±   0.001      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm         10         8     latin      464.044 ±   0.001       264.029 ±   0.001      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm         10        32     latin     1184.085 ±   0.003       504.044 ±   0.001      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm         10        64     latin     2144.123 ±   0.005       824.065 ±   0.001      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm        100         8     latin     3872.367 ±   8.002      2024.269 ±   8.016      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm        100        32     latin    11048.803 ±   7.988      4416.393 ±   0.004      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm        100        64     latin    20657.194 ±   9.775      7640.642 ±   9.819      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm          5         8  cyrillic      360.029 ±   0.001       184.020 ±   0.001      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm          5        32  cyrillic      960.060 ±   0.002       424.032 ±   0.001      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm          5        64  cyrillic     1760.088 ±   0.003       744.043 ±   0.001      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm         10         8  cyrillic      664.063 ±   0.001       352.038 ±   0.001      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm         10        32  cyrillic     1864.128 ±   0.003       832.067 ±   0.001      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm         10        64  cyrillic     3464.206 ±   0.007      1472.094 ±   0.001      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm        100         8  cyrillic     5704.541 ±   0.006      2928.317 ±   8.002      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm        100        32  cyrillic    17705.090 ±   0.045      7720.658 ±   0.007      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm        100        64  cyrillic    33689.855 ±   9.786     14121.042 ±   0.015      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm          5         8     mixed      360.028 ±   0.001       184.016 ±   0.001      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm          5        32     mixed      960.059 ±   0.002       424.031 ±   0.001      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm          5        64     mixed     1760.088 ±   0.003       744.041 ±   0.001      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm         10         8     mixed      664.052 ±   0.001       352.035 ±   0.002      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm         10        32     mixed     1864.116 ±   0.005       832.064 ±   0.001      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm         10        64     mixed     3464.196 ±   0.006      1472.088 ±   0.002      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm        100         8     mixed     5672.448 ±   8.002      2920.314 ±   0.006      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm        100        32     mixed    17681.092 ±   9.824      7728.653 ±   8.008      B/op
stringJoiner:·gc.alloc.rate.norm        100        64     mixed    33697.818 ±   8.011     14120.977 ±   0.034      B/op

-------------

Commit messages:
 - 8261880: Check also delimiter, prefix and suffix
 - 8148937: (str) Adapt StringJoiner for Compact Strings

Changes: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/pull/2627/files
 Webrev: https://webrevs.openjdk.java.net/?repo=jdk&pr=2627&range=00
  Issue: https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8148937
  Stats: 77 lines in 3 files changed: 56 ins; 6 del; 15 mod
  Patch: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/pull/2627.diff
  Fetch: git fetch https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk pull/2627/head:pull/2627

PR: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/pull/2627



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